Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates

杨傲傲; 胡章喜; 唐赢中

doi:10.1007/s00343-018-6291-x

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Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates

Ecology | Updated：2023-05-19

- Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates
- Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates
- 海洋湖沼学报（英文） 2018年36卷第2期页码：273-280
- Affiliations：
  
  1.CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  3.Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Author bio：
  
  TANG Yingzhong, yingzhong.tang@qdio.ac.cn
- Funds：
  
  the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences(U1606404);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41476142);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61533011);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41506143);the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(2016ASKJ02);the NSFCGuangdong Joint Fund(U1301235)
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-018-6291-x
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2016-10-26，
  
  录用：2016-12-18，
  
  网络首发：2017-02-10，
  
  纸质出版：2018-03
- Accepted：
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杨傲傲, 胡章喜, 唐赢中. Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2018,36(2):273-280.

Aoao YANG, Zhangxi HU, Yingzhong TANG. Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2018, 36(2): 273-280.
杨傲傲, 胡章喜, 唐赢中. Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2018,36(2):273-280. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-018-6291-x.

Aoao YANG, Zhangxi HU, Yingzhong TANG. Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2018, 36(2): 273-280. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-018-6291-x.

摘要

Abstract

Resting cysts are an important part of the life cycle for many harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellates

and play vital roles in the recurrence and geographical spread of harmful algal blooms. Numerous factors have been suggested to regulate the formation of resting cysts

although only a few have been proven to be significant. Cyst formation can be induced by adverse environmental conditions such as drastic changes in temperature

light

salinity

and nutrient levels

and by biological interactions. In this study

we evaluated the ability of an artificial factor (fine sand particles) to enhance the formation of resting cysts. Fine sand particles were added to cultures of dinoflagellates that are known to produce cysts. The addition of fine sand particles significantly increased both the production rate and final yield of cysts in cultures of

Scrippsiella trochoidea

Biecheleria brevisulcata

and

Levanderina fissa

Gymnodinium fissum

Gyrodinium instriatum

Gyrodinium uncatenum

). The largest increase in the final yield (107-fold) of cysts as a result of sand addition was in

S. trochoidea

. However

addition of fine sand particles did not induce cyst formation

or barely affected cyst formation

Akashiwo sanguinea

Cochlodinium polykrikoides

and

Pheopolykrikos hartmannii

which are also known to be cyst-producing species. We speculated that addition of sand significantly increased the chances of cell collision

which triggered cyst formation. However

further research is required to test this idea. Importantly

our findings indicate that the addition of fine sand particles is a useful method to obtain a large quantity of cysts in a short time for laboratory studies or tests; for example

if a cyst viability test is being used to assess the effectiveness of ships' ballast water treatment.

关键词

Keywords

references

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