Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007–2009

Steve L. Morton; Andrew Shuler; Jeff Paternoster; Sharon Fanolua; Don Vargo

doi:10.1007/s00343-011-0507-7

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Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007–2009

OriginalPaper | Updated：2023-05-16

- Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007–2009
- Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007–2009
- 海洋湖沼学报（英文） 2011年29卷第4期页码：790-794
- Affiliations：
  
  1. NOAA/National Ocean Service Marine Biotoxins Program
  2. American Samoa Community College Community and Natural Resources
- Author bio：
- Funds：
  
  Supported partially by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Grant (No. CRIS 0185945), USDA Region 9 Water Quality Coordination Grant (to DV), and NOAA Base Funds (SM)
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-011-0507-7
  中图分类号：
- 网络首发：2011-07-10，
  
  纸质出版：2011
- Accepted：
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Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007–2009[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2011,29(4):790-794.

Morton, S.L., Shuler, A., Paternoster, J. et al. Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007–2009., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 29, 790–794 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0507-7
Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007–2009[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2011,29(4):790-794. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-011-0507-7.

Morton, S.L., Shuler, A., Paternoster, J. et al. Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007–2009., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 29, 790–794 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0507-7 DOI：

摘要

Abstract

The bloom forming dinoflagellate

Ceratium furca

has been linked with coastal eutrophication worldwide in tropical and subtropical locations. During the summer of 2007

an unusual 6-month long bloom of C. furca was observed in Pago Pago Harbor

Tutuila Island

American Samoa. Incidents of dinoflagellate blooms in this area have not been previously reported. The bloom was first reported in May and dissipated in November 2007. In February–March 2009

a similar C. furca bloom was observed. During both blooms

no fish mortality events were reported. Maximum cell counts were observed on September 20

2007 at 9 200 cell/mL. At this time

total nitrogen was measured at 1.2 mg/L while total phosphate was below detection limits. Changes in land use practices may have been the primary driver of these blooms. Intense fertilization of athletic fields coupled with ineffective management strategies is hypothesized to have a direct link to the increase in nutrients found in the Pago Pago Harbor and may have been the trigger for the initialization of these blooms. During 2008

the fields were not used due to an infestation of the fire ant

Solenopsis geminata. Once controlled

the fields were opened again in 2009 and fertilizers were applied in January

a month before the bloom was observed.

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Keywords

references

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