Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates

Aoao YANG; Zhangxi HU; Yingzhong TANG

doi:10.1007/s00343-018-6291-x

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates

Ecology | Updated：2023-05-19

- Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates
- Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 36, Issue 2, Pages: 273-280(2018)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  3.Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Author bio：
  
  TANG Yingzhong, yingzhong.tang@qdio.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-018-6291-x
  CLC：
- Received：26 October 2016，
  
  Accepted：18 December 2016，
  
  Online First：10 February 2017，
  
  Published：2018-03
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Aoao YANG, Zhangxi HU, Yingzhong TANG. Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2018, 36(2): 273-280.
DOI：

Aoao YANG, Zhangxi HU, Yingzhong TANG. Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2018, 36(2): 273-280. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-018-6291-x.

摘要

Abstract

Resting cysts are an important part of the life cycle for many harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellates

and play vital roles in the recurrence and geographical spread of harmful algal blooms. Numerous factors have been suggested to regulate the formation of resting cysts

although only a few have been proven to be significant. Cyst formation can be induced by adverse environmental conditions such as drastic changes in temperature

light

salinity

and nutrient levels

and by biological interactions. In this study

we evaluated the ability of an artificial factor (fine sand particles) to enhance the formation of resting cysts. Fine sand particles were added to cultures of dinoflagellates that are known to produce cysts. The addition of fine sand particles significantly increased both the production rate and final yield of cysts in cultures of

Scrippsiella trochoidea

Biecheleria brevisulcata

and

Levanderina fissa

Gymnodinium fissum

Gyrodinium instriatum

Gyrodinium uncatenum

). The largest increase in the final yield (107-fold) of cysts as a result of sand addition was in

S. trochoidea

. However

addition of fine sand particles did not induce cyst formation

or barely affected cyst formation

Akashiwo sanguinea

Cochlodinium polykrikoides

and

Pheopolykrikos hartmannii

which are also known to be cyst-producing species. We speculated that addition of sand significantly increased the chances of cell collision

which triggered cyst formation. However

further research is required to test this idea. Importantly

our findings indicate that the addition of fine sand particles is a useful method to obtain a large quantity of cysts in a short time for laboratory studies or tests; for example

if a cyst viability test is being used to assess the effectiveness of ships' ballast water treatment.

关键词

Keywords

references

Anderson D M, Coats D W, Tyler M A. 1985. Encystment of the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium uncatenum :temperature and nutrient effects. Journal of Phycology, 21(2):200-206.

Anderson D M, Jacobson D M, Bravo I, Wrenn J H. 1988. The unique, microreticulate cyst of the naked dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum . Journal of Phycology, 24(2):255-262.

Anderson D M. 1997. Bloom dynamics of toxic Alexandrium species in the northeastern U.S. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(5 part 2):1 009-1 022.

Anderson D M. 2009. Approaches to monitoring, control and management of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Ocean & Coastal Management, 52(7):342-347.

Balkis N, Balci M, Giannakourou A, Venetsanopoulou A, Mudie P. 2016. Dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent marine sediments from the Gulf of Gemlik (Marmara Sea, Turkey) and seasonal harmful algal blooms. Phycologia, 55(2):187-209.

Bolch C J S, de Salas M F. 2007. A review of the molecular evidence for ballast water introduction of the toxic dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum and the Alexandrium " tamarensis complex" to Australasia.Harmful Algae, 6(4):465-485.

Bravo I, Figueroa R I. 2014. Towards an ecological understanding of dinoflagellate cyst functions.Microorganisms, 2(1):11-32.

Chambouvet A, Alves-de-Souza C, Cueff V, Marie D, Karpov S, Guillou L. 2011. Interplay between the parasite Amoebophry a sp. (Alveolata) and the cyst formation of the red tide dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea . Protist, 162(4):637-649.

Figueroa R I, Bravo I, Garcés E. 2005. Effects of nutritional factors and different parental crosses on the encystment and excystment of Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae)in culture. Phycologia, 44(6):658-670.

Figueroa R I, Vázquez J A, Massanet A, Murado M A, Bravo I. 2011. Interactive effects of salinity and temperature on planozygote and cyst formation of Alexandrium minutum (dinophyceae) in culture. Journal of Phycology, 47(1):13-24.

Gu H F, Sun J, Kooistra W H C F, Zeng R Y. 2008. Phylogenetic position and morphology of thecae and cysts of Scrippsiella (Dinophyceae) species in the east china sea.Journal of Phycology, 44(2):478-494.

Guillard R R L. 1975. Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. In : Smith W L, Chanley M H eds. Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals . Plenum Press, New York. p. 29-60.

Hallegraeff G M, Bolch C J. 1991. Transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 22(1):27-30.

Hallegraeff G M. 1993. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia, 32(2):79-99.

Kim Y O, Han M S. 2000. Seasonal relationships between cyst germination and vegetative population of Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 204:111-118.

Kokinos J P, Anderson D M. 1995. Morphological development of resting cysts in cultures of the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (= L. Machaerophorum ).Palynology, 19(1):143-166.

Kremp A, Anderson D M. 2000. Factors regulating germination of resting cysts of the spring bloom dinoflagellate Scrippsiella hangoei from the northern Baltic Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 22(7):1 311-1 327.

Kremp A, Rengefors K, Montresorc M. 2009. Species specific encystment patterns in three Baltic cold-water dinoflagellates:the role of multiple cues in resting cyst formation. Limnology and Oceanography, 54(4):1 125-1 138.

Mardones J I, Bolch C, Guzmán L, Paredes J, Varela D, Hallegraeff G M. 2016. Role of resting cysts in Chilean Alexandrium catenella dinoflagellate blooms revisited.Harmful Algae, 55:238-249.

Matsuoka K, Fukuyo Y. 1986. Cyst and motile morphology of a colonial dinoflagellate Pheopolykrikos hartmannii (Zinunermann) comb. nov. Journal of Plankton Research, 8(4):811-818.

Matsuoka K, Fukuyo Y. 2000. Technical guide for modern dinoflagellate cyst study. WESTPAC-HAB/WESTPAC/IOC. WESTPAC-HAB, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo. 29p.

Meier K J S, Höll C, Willems H. 2004. Effect of temperature on culture growth and cyst production in the calcareous dinoflagellates Calciodinellum albatrosianum , Leonella granifera and Pernambugia tuberosa . Micropaleontology, 50(S1):93-106.

Moestrup Ø, Hakanen P, Hansen G, Daugbjerg N, Ellegaard M. 2014. On Levanderina fissa gen . & comb. nov .(Dinophyceae) (syn. Gymnodinium fissum , Gyrodinium instriatum , Gyr . uncatenum ), a dinoflagellate with a very unusual sulcus. Phycologia, 53(3):265-292.

Nagai S, Matsuyama Y, Oh S J, Itakura S. 2004. Effect of nutrients and temperature on encystment of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) isolated from Hiroshima Bay, Japan. Plankton Biology & Ecology, 51(2):103-109.

Qi Y Z, Zheng L, Wang R. 1997. The life cycle of Scrippsiella trochoidea and its physiol-ecological control. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 28(6):588-593. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Sgrosso S, Esposito F, Montresor M. 2001. Temperature and daylength regulate encystment in calcareous cyst-forming dinoflagellates. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 211:77-87.

Shikata T, Nagasoe S, Matsubara T, Yamasaki Y, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y, Uchida T, Jenkinson I R, Honjo T. 2008.Encystment and excystment of Gyrodinium instriatum Freudenthal et Lee. Journal of Oceanography, 64(3):355-365.

Shin H H, Jung S W, Jang M C, Kim Y O. 2013. Effect of pH on the morphology and viability of Scrippsiella trochoidea cysts in the hypoxic zone of a eutrophied area. Harmful Algae, 28:37-45.

Smayda T J. 1997. Harmful algal blooms:their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea.Limnology and Oceanography, 42(5 part 2):1 137-1 153.

Smayda T J. 2007. Reflections on the ballast water dispersal-harmful algal bloom paradigm. Harmful Algae, 6(4):601-622.

Takahashi K, Sarai C, Iwataki M. 2014. Morphology of two marine woloszynskioid dinoflagellates, Biecheleria brevisulcata sp. nov. and Biecheleriopsis adriatica (Suessiaceae, Dinophyceae), from Japanese coasts.Phycologia, 53(1):52-65.

Tang Y Z, Gobler C J. 2012. The toxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophyceae) produces resting cysts. Harmful Algae, 20:71-80.

Tang Y Z, Gobler C J. 2015. Sexual resting cyst production by the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea :a potential mechanism contributing to the ubiquitous distribution of a harmful alga. Journal of Phycology, 51(2):298-309.

Tang Y Z, Harke M J, Gobler C J. 2013. Morphology, phylogeny, dynamics, and ichthyotoxicity of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii (Dinophyceae) isolates and blooms from New York, USA. Journal of Phycology, 49(6):1 084-1 094.

Uchida T, Matsuyama Y, Yamaguchi M, Honjo T. 1996a. The life cycle of Gyrodinium instriatum (Dinophyceae) in culture. Phycological Research, 44(3):119-123.

Uchida T, Matsuyama Y, Yamaguchi M, Honjo T. 1996b. Growth interactions between a red tide dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama and some other phytoplankton species in culture. In : Yasumoto T, Oshima Y, Fukuyo Y eds. Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris. p. 369-372.

Uchida T, Toda S, Matsuyama Y, Yamaguchi M, Kotani Y, Honjo T. 1999. Interactions between the red tide dinoflagellates Heterocapsa circularisquama and Gymnodinium mikimotoi in laboratory culture. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 241(2):285-299.

Uchida T. 2001. The role of cell contact in the life cycle of some dinoflagellate species. Journal of Plankton Research, 23(8):889-891.

Wall D. 1965. Modern hystrichospheres and dinoflagellate cysts from the woods hole region. Grana Palynologica, 6(2):297-314.

Wang Y, Xiong D F, Gu H F, Li S H. 2009. Morphological characters of Scrippsiella trochoidea cysts. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 44(6):701-709. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang Z H, Qi Y Z, Lu S H, Wang Y, Matsuoka K. 2004.Seasonal distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in surface sediments from Changjiang River Estuary.Phycological Research, 52(4):387-395.

Wang Z H, Qi Y Z, Yang Y F. 2007. Cyst formation:an important mechanism for the termination of Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) bloom. Journal of Plankton Research, 29(2):209-218.

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Establishing an assessment framework for the risk of dinoflagellate HABs based on cyst-mapping of marine sediments

Reviving and characterizing three species of dinoflagellate cysts dormant for about 70 years in the East China Sea: Biecheleria brevisulcata, Biecheleriopsis adriatica, and Scrippsiella donghaienis

Mapping the resting cysts of dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella along the coast of Qinhuangdao, China

Mechanisms of high-frequency dinoflagellate blooms ofScrippsiella trochoideain Daya Bay, South China Sea

Proof of homothally of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii and details of cyst germination process

Related Author

Yingzhong TANG

Zhaoyang CHAI

Yunyan DENG

Zhe TAO

Yuyang LIU

Xiaohan LIU

Lixia SHANG

Suzhi PAN

Related Institution

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center

Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰