Growth and energy budget of juvenile lenok Brachymystax lenok in relation to ration level

Yang Liu; Zhongjie Li; Tanglin Zhang; Jing Yuan; Zhenbo Mou; Jiashou Liu

doi:10.1007/s00343-015-3349-x

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Growth and energy budget of juvenile lenok Brachymystax lenok in relation to ration level

Updated：2023-05-16

- Growth and energy budget of juvenile lenok Brachymystax lenok in relation to ration level
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 33, Issue 2, Pages: 347-355(2015)
- Affiliations：
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences
  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  3. Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-015-3349-x
  CLC：
- Online First：10 December 2014，
  
  Published：2015
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Liu, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, T. et al. Growth and energy budget of juvenile lenok Brachymystax lenok in relation to ration level., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 33, 347–355 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-015-3349-x
DOI：

Liu, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, T. et al. Growth and energy budget of juvenile lenok Brachymystax lenok in relation to ration level., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 33, 347–355 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-015-3349-x DOI：

摘要

Abstract

We evaluated the effect of ration level (RL) on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok (initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g) were fed for 21 d at five different ration levels: starvation

4% bwd (body weight per day

based on initial mean values)

and apparent satiation. Feed consumption

apparent digestibility

and growth were directly measured. Specific growth rates in terms of wet weight

dry weight

protein

and energy increased logarithmically with an increase in ration levels. The relationship between specific growth rate in terms of wet weight (SGRw

%/d) and RL (%) was characterized by a decelerating curve: SGRw=−1.417+3.166ln(RL+1). The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy exhibited a decreasing pattern with increasing ration level

and there was a significant difference among different RLs. Body composition was significantly affected by ration size. The relationship between feed efficiency rate in terms of energy (FERe) and RL was: FERe=−14.167+23.793RL-3.367(RL)2

and the maximum FERe was observed at a 3.53% ration. The maintenance requirement for energy of juvenile lenok was 105.39 kJ BW (kg)−0.80/d

the utilization efficiency of DE for growth was 0.496. The energy budget equation at satiation was: 100IE=29.03FE+5.78(ZE+UE)+39.56 HE+25.63 RE

where IE is feed energy

FE is fecal energy

ZE+UE is excretory energy

HE is heat production

and RE is recovered energy. Our results suggest that the most suitable feeding rate for juvenile lenok aquaculture for wet weight growth is 2.89% bwd

whereas for energy growth

the suggested rate is 3.53% bwd at this growth stage.

关键词

Keywords

references

Alekseyev S S, Kirillov A F, Samusenok V P. 2003. Distribution and morphology of the sharp-snouted and the blunt-snouted lenoks of the genus Brachymystax (Salmonidae) of East Siberia. Journal of Ichthyology, 43: 350–373.

AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis (15th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.

Armstrong J D, Hawkins L A. 2008. Standard metabolic rate of pike, Esox lucius: variation among studies and implications for energy flow modeling. Hydrobiologia, 601: 83–90.

Bai Q, Mou Z, Yu H, Yin J, Jia Z. 2007. The detection of the biological characters and productivity of Brachymystax lenok. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 20: 69–73. (in Chinese with English abstract)

BFMA (Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture of China). 2005. China Fishery Statistical Yearbook. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. p.40. (in Chinese)

BFMA (Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture of China). 2012. China Fishery Statistical Yearbook. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. p.34. (in Chinese)

Brafiel A E. 1985. Laboratory studies of energy budgets. In: Tytler P, Calow P eds. Fish Energetics: New Perspectives. Croom Helm, London. p.257–281.

Brett J R, Groves T D D. 1979. Environmental factors and growth. In: Hoar W S, Randall D J, Brett J R eds. Fish Physiology, Vol. VIII. Academic Press, New York, USA. p.599–675.

Brocksen R W, Davis G E, Warren C E. 1968. Competition, food consumption and production of sculpins and trout in laboratory stream communities. Journal of Wildlife Management, 32: 51–75.

Calow P. 1985. Adaptive aspects of energy allocation. In: Tytler P, Calow P eds. Fish Energetics: New Perspectives, Croom Helm, London. p.13–31.

Cho C Y, Slinger S J, Baylev H S. 1982. Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes: energy intake, expenditure and productivity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 73: 25–41.

Christian L P. 1987. Energy budgets for juvenile rainbow trout at various oxygen concentrations. Aquaculture, 62: 289–298.

Cui Y, Chen S, Wang S. 1996. Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the juvenile white sturgeon. Journal of Fish Biology, 49: 863–876.

Cui Y, Liu J. 1990. Comparison of energy budget among six species of teleosts III. Growth rate and energy budget. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 97A: 381–384.

Cui Y, Liu X, Wang S, Chen S. 1992. Growth and energy budget in young grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., fed plant and animal diets. Journal of Fish Biology, 41: 231–238.

Cui Y, Wootton. 1988. Bioenergetics of growth of a cyprinid, Phoxinus phoxinus, the effect of ration, temperature and body size on food consumption, fecal production and nitrogenous excretion. Journal of Fish Biology, 33: 431–443.

Dong C, Jiang Z. 2008. Fisheries Resources of Cold Water Fish in the Interior of China. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press, Harbin. (in Chinese)

Elliott J M. 1975. The growth rate of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) fed on maximum rations. Journal of Animal Ecology, 44: 805–821.

Elliott J M. 1976. Energy losses in the waste product of brown trout (Salmo trutta L). Journal of Animal Ecology, 45: 561–580.

Fausch K D. 2007. Introduction, establishment and effects of non-native salmonids: considering the risk of rainbow trout invasion in the United Kingdom. Journal of Fish Biology, 71: 1–32.

From J, Rasmussen G. 1984. A growth model, gastric evacuation and body composition in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, 1836. Dana, 3: 61–139.

Furukawa A, Tsukahara H. 1966. On the acid digestion method for the determination of chromic oxide as an index substance in the study of digestibility of fish feed. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 32: 502–506.

Han D, Xie S, Lei W, Zhu X, Yang Y. 2004. Effect of ration on the growth and energy budget of Chinese longsnout catfish, Leiocassis longirostris Günther. Aquaculture Research, 35: 866–873.

Han X, Wang S. 1990. The studies on growth and energy metabolism of fine scale fish. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 1: 79–85. (in Chinese with English abstract).

Huisman E A. 1976. Food conversion e/ciencies at maintenance and production levels for carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Aquaculture, 9: 259–276.

Jobling M. 1994. Fish Bioenergetics. Chapman & Hall, London, UK.

Kelso J R M. 1972. Conversion, maintenance and assimilation for walleyes, Stizostedion vitreum, as affected by size, diet and temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29: 1 181–1 192.

Khan M A, Abidi S F. 2010. Optimum ration level for better growth, conversion efficiencies and body composition of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Aquaculture International, 18: 175–188.

Lee S M, Kim K D, Park H G, Kim C H, Hong K E. 2001. Protein requirement of juvenile Manchurian trout Brachymystax lenok. Fisheries Science, 67: 46–51.

Liu J. 1998. Growth and Energy Budgets in Juvenile Mandarin Fish and Chinese Snakehead: A Comparative Study. PhD Thesis. Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China. p.104–112. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Liu Y, Mou Z, Xu G, Li Y, Wang C. 2012. The effect of light intensity on the growth of Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773). Aquaculture Research, 43: 1 838–1 844.

Malloy K D, Targett T E. 1994. Effect of ration limitation and low temperature on growth, biochemical condition, and survival of juvenile summer flounder from two Atlantic coast nurseries. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 123: 182–193.

Mou Z, Li Y, Xu G, Liu Y, Cong Y. 2011b. Growth characters of Lenok Brachymystax lenok cultured in a flowing water pond. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 24: 13–16. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Mou Z, Liu Y, Xu G, Li Y. 2011a. The optimum temperature for growth and feeding in Brachymystax lenok. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 24: 6–8. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Nakano S. 1999. Diet differentiation in polymorphic Brachymystax lenok in streams of southern Primor’e. Russia Ichthyological Research, 46: 100–102.

Niimi A J, Beamish F W H. 1974. Bioenergetics and growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmonids) in relation to body weight and temperature. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 52: 447–456.

NRC (National Research Council). 1981. Nutritional Energetics of Domestic Animals and a Glossary of Energy Terms, 2nd revised edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 63p.

Penczak T, Kusto E, Krzyianowska D, Molitiski M, Suszycka E. 1984. Food consumption and energy transformations by fish populations in two small lowland rivers in Poland. Hydrobiologia, 108: 135–144.

Sullivan K M. 1982. Energetics of the sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, under laboratory conditions. In: Cailliet G M, Simenstal S A eds. Gutshop ′81-Fish Food Habit Studies. Washington Sea Grant Publications, Seattle, USA. p.106–174.

Sun D, Wang B. 2010. Aquaculture of salmonids in China. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 23: 56–63. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Sun L, Chen H, Huang L, Wang Z, Yan Y. 2006. Growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) relative to ration. Aquaculture, 257: 214–220.

Tang Q, Sun Y, Zhang B. 2003. Bioenergetics models for seven species of marine fish. Journal of Fisheries of China, 27: 443–449. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Verreth J, Den Bieman H. 1987. Quantitative feed requirements of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Buchell) larvae fed with decapsulated cysts of Artemia. I. The effect of temperature and feeding level. Aquaculture, 63: 251–267.

Winberg G G. 1956. Rate of Metabolism and Food Requirements of Fishes. Belorussian State University, Minsk. Translated from Russian in Fish. Res. Bd Can. Transl. Ser. No. 194, 1960.

Xia Y, Sheng Y, Chen Y. 2006. DNA sequence variation in the mitochondrial control region of lenok (Brachymystax lenok) populations in China. Biodiversity Science, 14: 48–54. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Xie S, Cui Y, Yang Y, Liu J. 1997. Energy budget of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in relation to ration size. Aquaculture, 154: 57–68.

Xie S, Zheng K, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Yang Y. 2011. Effect of water temperature on energy budget of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17: E683–E690.

Zhang L, Zhao Z, Xiong D, Fang W, Li B, Fan Q, Yang K, Wang X. 2011. Effects of ration level on growth, nitrogenous excretion and energy budget of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson). Aquaculture Research, 42: 899–905.

Zhang Y, Jia Z, Ji F, Mou Z. 2008. Effects of stocking density on survival, growth and size variation of juvenile Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24: 685–689.

Zhu X, Xie S, Cui Y. 2000. Effect of ration size on growth and energy budget of Gibel carp. Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica, 31: 471–479. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Effects of water temperature and dietary carbohydrate levels on growth and energy budget of juvenileLitopenaeus vannamei

Influence of stocking density on growth, body composition and energy budget of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in recirculating aquaculture systems

Interannual variability of eddy kinetic energy in the South China Sea related to two types of winter circulation events

Sodium acetate can promote the growth and astaxanthin accumulation in the unicellular green algaHaematococcus pluvialisas revealed by a proteomics approach

Changes in embryonic development, juvenile growth and physiological adaptation of the cuttlefishSepia pharaonisin response to photoperiod manipulation

Related Author

Wang Xingqiang

Ma Shen

Dong Shuanglin

Baoliang Liu

Ying Liu

Ziyi Liu

Denggao Qiu

Guoxiang Sun

Related Institution

Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province Huaihai Institute of Technology

Mariculture Research Laboratory Fisheries College Ocean University of China

Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰