Effect of stocking density on performances of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating aquaculture systems

Xian Li; Ying Liu; Jean-Paul Blancheton

doi:10.1007/s00343-013-2205-0

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Effect of stocking density on performances of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating aquaculture systems

Updated：2023-05-16

- Effect of stocking density on performances of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating aquaculture systems
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 31, Issue 3, Pages: 514-522(2013)
- Affiliations：
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences
  2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  3. IFREMER
  4. UMR Ecosym USTL
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-013-2205-0
  CLC：
- Online First：08 May 2013，
  
  Published：2013
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Li, X., Liu, Y. & Blancheton, JP. Effect of stocking density on performances of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating aquaculture systems., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 31, 514–522 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-2205-0
DOI：

Li, X., Liu, Y. & Blancheton, JP. Effect of stocking density on performances of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating aquaculture systems., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 31, 514–522 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-2205-0 DOI：

摘要

Abstract

Limited information has been available about the influence of loading density on the performances of Scophthalmus maximus

especially in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In this study

turbot (13.84±2.74 g; average weight±SD) were reared at four different initial densities (low 0.66

medium 1.26

sub-high 2.56

high 4.00 kg/m2) for 10 weeks in RAS at 23±1°C. Final densities were 4.67

7.25

14.16

and 17.47 kg/m2

respectively

which translate to 82

108

214

and 282 percent coverage of the tank bottom. Density had both negative and independent impacts on growth. The final mean weight

specific growth rate (SGR)

and voluntary feed intake significantly decreased and the coefficient of variation (CV) of final body weight increased with increase in stocking density. The medium and sub-high density groups did not differ significantly in SGR

mean weight

food conversion rate (FCR)

feed intake

blood parameters

and digestive enzymes. The protease activities of the digestive tract at pH 7

8.5

and 10 were significantly higher for the highest density group

but tended to be lower (not significantly) at pH 4 and 8.5 for the lowest density group. The intensity of protease activity was inversely related to feed intake at the different densities. Catalase activity was higher (but not significantly) at the highest density

perhaps because high density started to induce an oxidative effect in turbot. In conclusion

turbot can be cultured in RAS at a density of less than 17.47 kg/m2. With good water quality and no feed limitation

initial density between 1.26 and 2.56 kg/m2 (final: 7.25 and 14.16 kg/m2) would not negatively affect the turbot cultured in RAS. For culture at higher density

multi-level feeding devices are suggested to ease feeding competition.

关键词

Keywords

references

Ahmad I, Hamid T, Fatima M, Chand H S, Jain S K, Athar M, Raisuddin S. 2000. Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus Bloch) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1523(1): 37–48.

Ashley P J. 2007. Fish welfare: current issues in aquaculture. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104(3–4): 199–235.

Blancheton J P. 2000. Developments in recirculation systems for Mediterranean fish species. Aquacultural Engineering, 22(1–2): 17–31.

Bolasina S, Tagawa M, Yamashita Y, Tanaka M. 2006. Effect of stocking density on growth, digestive enzyme activity and cortisol level in larvae and juveniles of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture, 259(1–4): 432–443.

Boujard T, Labbe L, Auperin B. 2002. Feeding behaviour, energy expenditure and growth of rainbow trout in relation to stocking density and food accessibility. Aquaculture Research, 33(15): 1 233–1 242.

Braun N, de Lima R L, Baldisserotto B, Dafre A L, de Oliveira Nuñer A P. 2010. Growth, biochemical and physiological responses of Salminus brasiliensis with different stocking densities and handling. Aquaculture, 301(1–4): 22–30.

Budiño B, Cal R M, Piazzon M C, Lamas J. 2006. The activity of several components of the innate immune system in diploid and triploid turbot. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 145(1): 108–113.

Carter C G, Purser G J, Houlihan D F, Thomas P. 1996. The effect of decreased ration on feeding hierarchies in groups of greenback flounder (Rhombosolea Tapirina: Teleostei). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 76(2): 505–516.

Chen C F, Ji G L. 1992. Activities and characterization of bacteriolytic substance in serum, skin and intestine mucus of grass carp. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 11(3): 276–279. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Clark D S, Brown J A, Goddard S J, Moir J. 1995. Activity and feeding behaviour of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in sea pens. Aquaculture, 131(1–2): 49–57.

Furné M, García-Gallego M, Hidalgo M C, Morales A E, Domezain A, Domezain J, Sanz A. 2008. Effect of starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 149(4): 420–425.

Gao F, Yang H, Xu Q, Wang F, Liu G, German D P. 2008. Phenotypic plasticity of gut structure and function during periods of inactivity in Apostichopus japonicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 150(3): 255–262.

Gonçalves J F M, Turini B G D, Ozorio R O D. 2010. Performance of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed varying dietary L-carnitine levels at different stocking densities. Scientia Agricola, 67(2): 151–157.

Góth L. 1991. A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range. Clinica Chimica Acta, 196(2–3): 143–151.

Hardewig I, Van Dijk P. 2003. Is digestive capacity limiting growth at low temperatures in roach? Journal of Fish Biology, 62(2): 358–374.

Hasspieler B M, Behar J V, Carlson D B, Watson D E, Di Giulio R T. 1994. Susceptibility of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) to oxidative stress: a comparative study. Aquatic Toxicology, 28(1–2): 53–64.

Hosfeld C D, Hammer J, Handeland S O, Fivelstad S, Stefansson S O. 2009. Effects of fish density on growth and smoltification in intensive production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture, 294(3–4): 236–241.

Irwin S, O’Halloran J, FitzGerald R D. 1999. Stocking density, growth and growth variation in juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Rafinesque). Aquaculture, 178(1–2): 77–88.

Irwin S, O’Halloran J, FitzGerald R D. 2002. The relationship between individual consumption and growth in juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Aquaculture, 204(1–2): 65–74.

Jobling M, Baardvik B M. 1994. The influence of environmental manipulations on inter- and intra-individual variation in food acquisition and growth performance of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus. Journal of Fish Biology, 44(6): 1 069–1 087.

Ji J P. 1991. An ultramicroanalytic and rapid method for determination of superoxide dismutase activity. Journal of Nanjing Rail Medical College, 10(3): 27–30. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Labatut R A, Olivares J F. 2004. Culture of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) juveniles using shallow raceways tanks and recirculation. Aquacultural Engineering, 32(1): 113–127.

Lall S P, Tibbetts S M. 2009. Nutrition, feeding, and behavior of fish. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 12(2): 361–72, xi.

Lei J L, Ma A J, Chen C, Zhuang Z M. 2005. The present status and sustainable development of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) culture in China. Engineering Science, 14(10): 30–34. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Lin X W, Volkoff H, Narnaware Y, Bernier N J, Peyon P, Peter R E. 2000. Brain regulation of feeding behavior and food intake in fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 126(4): 415–434.

Martinez-Tapia C, Fernandez-Pato C. 1991. Influence of stock density on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) growth. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Mariculture committee. ICES CM1991/F: 20, 7p.

Merino G E, Piedrahita R H, Conklin D E. 2007. The effect of fish stocking density on the growth of California halibut (Paralichthys californicus) juveniles. Aquaculture, 265(1–4): 176–186.

Miegel R P, Pain S J, van Wettere W H E J, Howarth G S, Stone D A J. 2010. Effect of water temperature on gut transit time, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Aquaculture, 308(3–4): 145–151.

North B P, Ellis T, Turnbull J F, Davis J, Bromage N R. 2006. Stocking density practices of commercial UK rainbow trout farms. Aquaculture, 259(1–4): 260–267.

North B P, Turnbull J F, Ellis T, Porter M J, Migaud H, Bron J, Bromage N R. 2006. The impact of stocking density on the welfare of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 255(1–4): 466–479.

Qu K M, Xu Y, Ma Z S, Li J. 2007. Acute toxic effect of nitrite and non-ion ammonia on turbot at different DO levels. Marine Fisheries Research, 28(4): 83–88. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Rafatnezhad S, Falahatkar B, Tolouei Gilani M H. 2008. Effects of stocking density on haematological parameters, growth and fin erosion of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. Aquaculture Research, 39(14): 1 506–1 513.

Ruane N M, Komen H. 2003. Measuring cortisol in the water as an indicator of stress caused by increased loading density in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, 218(1–4): 685–693.

Santos G A, Schrama J W, Mamauag R E P, Rombout J H W M, Verreth J A J. 2010. Chronic stress impairs performance, energy metabolism and welfare indicators in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): the combined effects of fish crowding and water quality deterioration. Aquaculture, 299(1–4): 73–80.

Schram E, Van der Heul J W, Kamstra A, Verdegem M C J. 2006. Stocking density-dependent growth of Dover sole (Solea solea). Aquaculture, 252(2–4): 339–347.

Skøtt Rasmussen R, Korsgaard B. 1996. The effect of external ammonia on growth and food utilization of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 205(1–2): 35–48.

Sun G X, Li Y, Tian Z, Liu Y, Gao T T, Liu Y, Liu J L. 2011. The impact of flow speed on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) growth, feed intake and water quality in RAS. Marine Science, 15(2): 33–35. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Van de Nieuwegiessen P G, Zhao H, Verreth J A J, Schrama J W. 2009. Chemical alarm cues in juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell: a potential stressor in aquaculture? Aquaculture, 286(1–2): 95–99.

Vega-López A, Jiménez-Orozco F A, García-Latorre E, Domínguez-López M L. 2008. Oxidative stress response in an endangered goodeid fish (Girardinichthys viviparus) by exposure to water from its extant localities. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 71(1): 94–103.

Wang F Y, Yang H S, Gabr H R, Gao F. 2008. Immune condition of Apostichopus japonicus during aestivation. Aquaculture, 285(1–4): 238–243.

Zhong S Z, Ge Q H, Qu R, Li Q, Ma S P. 2009. Paeonol attenuates neurotoxicity and ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by d-galactose in ICR mice. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 277(1–2): 58–64.

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Impact assessment of modified clay on embryo-larval stages of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

Stocking density affects the growth performance and metabolism of Amur sturgeon by regulating expression of genes in the GH/IGF axis

Reduced growth in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ×O. Niloticus) at intermediate stocking density

TurbotScophthalmus maximus: stocking density on growth, pigmentation and feed conversion

Related Author

Yue ZHANG

Xiuxian SONG

Zhiming YU

Peipei ZHANG

Xihua CAO

Yongquan YUAN

Yanfeng WANG

Liang CHI

Related Institution

CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences

CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰