Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters, Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea

Sonia Munir; Zaib-un-nisa Burhan; Tahira Naz; P. J. A. Siddiqui; Steve L. Morton

doi:10.1007/s00343-013-2150-y

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters, Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea

Updated：2023-05-16

- Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters, Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 31, Issue 2, Pages: 267-281(2013)
- Affiliations：
  
  1. Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi
  2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-013-2150-y
  CLC：
- Online First：07 March 2013，
  
  Published：2013
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Munir, S., Burhan, Zun., Naz, T. et al. Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters, Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 31, 267–281 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-2150-y
DOI：

Munir, S., Burhan, Zun., Naz, T. et al. Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters, Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 31, 267–281 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-2150-y DOI：

摘要

Abstract

Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos (Prorocentrales) were studied from nutrient-rich waters

Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel

Pakistan during May 2002–July 2003. Using both light and scanning electron microscopy

13 species of Prorocentrales were identified according to cell shape

size

ornamentation of thecal plates

and architecture of apical platelets

apical pore area

marginal pores

and intercalary bands. P. sigmoides

P. arcuatum

P. scutellum

P. donghaiense

P. balticum

P. minimum

P. emarginatum

P. lima

P. faustiae

and Mesoporos perforatus constitute new records for sindh coast of Pakistan. The most abundant species were P. minimum/P. balticum (4.5×103 cells/L)

P. micans (1.1×103 cells/L)

P. gracile / P. sigmoides (2.5×10 2 cells/L) and P. donghaiense (6.6×103 cells/L) at temperatures of 29–31°C and salinities of 35–40. Maximum abundance was observed in winter and lower abundance in summer. There was no significant change in the distribution of species between stations except for the benthic species which occurred close to Karachi Harbor waters. Significant positive correlations were observed between Prorocentrum spp. and temperature ( R 2 =0.27) and negative correlations with salinity ( R 2 =−0.32) except for P. minimum and P. emarginatum which has negative correlation with temperature (R 2 =−0.24) and positive with salinity (R 2 =0.08

0.19). The finding of potential okadaic-acid producing species of benthic Prorocentrum call for monitoring for possible human health problems in this region.

关键词

Keywords

references

Alkawri A A S, Ramaiah N. 2010. Spatio-temporal variability of dinoflagellate assemblages in different salinity regimes in the west coast of India. Harmful Algae, 9: 153–162.

Aligizaki K, Nikolaidis G, Katikou P, Baxevanis A D, Abatzopoulos T J. 2009. Potentially toxic epiphytic Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) species in Greek coastal waters. Harmful Algae, 8: 299–311.

Anderson D M. 1989. Toxic algal blooms and redtides: a global perspective. In: Okaichi T, Anderson D M, Nemato T eds. Red Tides. Elsevier Science Publisher, New York. p.11–16.

Bomber J W, Morton S L, Babinchak J A, Norris D R, Morton J G. 1988. Epiphytic dinoflagellates of drift algae: another toxigenic community in the Ciguatera food chain. Bull. Mar. Sci., 43: 204–214.

Baig H S. 2004. Pharmacological activities of Sargassum and study of associated harmful dinoflagellates found in coastal waters of Pakistan. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Karachi, Karachi.

Baig H S, Saifullah S M, Dar A. 2006. Occurrence and toxicity of Amphidinium carterae. Hulburt in the northern Arabian Sea. Harmful Algae, 5(2): 133–140.

Cohen-Fernandez E J, Castillo E M D, Salgao Ugarte I H, Pedroche F F. 2006. Contribution of external morphology in solving a species complex: the case of Prorocentrum micans, Prorocentrum gracile, Prorocentrum sigmoides (Dinoflagellata) from the Mexican Pacific coaStn. Phycol. Res., 54: 330–340.

Chomérat N, Zentz F, Boulben S, Bilien G, van Wormhoudt A, Nézan E. 2011. Prorocentrum glenanicum sp. nov. and Prorocentrum pseudopanamense sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae), two new benthic dinoflagellate species from South Brittany (northwestern France). Phycologia, 50(2): 202–214.

Dodge J D. 1975. The Prorocentrales (Dinophyceae). II. Revision of the taxonomy within the genus Prorocentrum. Bot. J. linn. Soc., 71(2): 103–125.

Dodge J D. 1982. Marine dinoflagellates of the British Isles. Her Majesty’s Stationary office. p.303.

Delmail D, Labrousse P, Crassous P, Hourdin P, Guri M, Botineau M. 2011. Prorocentrum rivalis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) and its phylogenetic affinities inferred from analysis of a mixed morphological and LSU rRNA data set. Biologia., 66(3): 418–424.

Fukuyo Y. 1981. Taxonomical study on benthic dinoflagellates collected in coral reefs. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci., 47: 967–978.

Faust M A. 1990. Morphologic details of six benthic species of Prorocentrum (Pyrrophyta) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize, including two new species. J. Phycol., 26: 548–558.

Faust M A. 1991. Morphology of ciguatera-causing Prorocentrum lima (Pyrrophyta) from widely differing sites. J. Phycol., 27: 642–648.

Faust M A. 1993a. Prorocentrum belizeanum, Prorocentrum elegens, and Prorocentrum caribbarum, three new benthic species (Dinophyceae) from a mangrove island Twins Cays, Belize. J. Phcol., 29: 100–107.

Faust M A. 1993b. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Twin Cays, Belize: P. maculosum sp. nov., P. foraminosum sp. nov and P. formosum sp. nov. Phycol., 32: 410–418.

Faust M A. 1994. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize: P. sabulosum sp. nov., P. scuiptile sp. nov. and P. arenarium sp. nov. J. Phycol., 30: 755–763.

Faust M A. 1997. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Belize: P. norrisianum sp. nov., P. tropicalis sp. nov. and P. reticulatum sp. nov. J. Phycol., 33: 851–858.

Faust M A, Gulledge R A. 2002. Identifying harmful marine dinoflagellates. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Department of Systematic Biology-Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian. Instit. 42: 1–141.

Faust M A, Larsan J. Moestrup O. 1999. Potentially toxic phytoplankton. 3. Genus Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae). In: Lindley J A ed. ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton ICES, Copenhagen, (Leaflet no. 184): 1–24.

Fraga S, rodriguez F, Bravo I, Zapata M, Maranon E. 2012. Review of the main ecological features affecting benthic dinoflagellate blooms. Cryptogamie Algologie, 33(2): 171–179.

Ghazala B, Ormond R, Hannah F. 2006. Phytoplankton communities of Pakistan: I. Dinophyta and Bacillariophyta from the coast of Sindh (Pakistan). Int. J. Phycol. Phycochem., 2: 183–196.

Glibert P M. 2007. Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: a complex global issue, examples from the Arabian Seas including Kuwait Bay, and an introduction to the global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms (GEOHAB) programme. Int. J. Ocean. Oceanogr., 2(1): 157–169.

Gul S, Saifullah S M. 2011. The dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum (Prorocentrales, Prorocentraceae) from the northern Arabian Sea. Pak. J. Bot., 43(6): 3 061–3 065.

Hallegraeff G M. 1995. Harmful algal blooms: a global overview. In: Hallgraeff G M, Anderson D M, Cembella A D eds. Manuals and Guides No. 33, UNESCO, Paris. p.1–22.

Hassan D, Saifullah S M. 1971. Some thecate Dinophyceae from inshore waters of Karachi. Pak. J. Bot., 3: 61–70.

Holmes M J, Lee F C, Khoo H W, Teo S L M. 2001. Production of 7-deoxy-okadaic acid by a New Caledonian strain of Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol., 37: 280–288.

Hoppenrath M. 2000a. A new marine sand-dwelling Prorocentrum species, P. clipeus sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Prorocentrales) from Helgoland, German Bight, North Sea. Eur. J. Protistol., 36: 29–33.

Hoppenrath M, Leander S B. 2008. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new marine sand-dwelling Prorocentrum species, P. tsawwassenense (Dinophyceae, Prorocentrales) from British Columbia, Canada. J. phycol., 44(2): 451–466.

Lu D, Goebel J, Qi Y, Zou J, Han X, Gao Y, Li Y. 2005. Morphological and genetic study of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu from the East China Sea, and comparison with some related Prorocentrum species. Harmful Algae, 4: 493–505.

Morton S L. 1998. Morphology and toxicology of Prorocentrum faustiae sp. nov., a toxic species of non-planktonic dinoflagellate from Heron Island, Australia. Bot. Mar., 41: 565–569.

Morton S L, Faust M A, Fairey E I, Moeller P D R. 2002. Morphology and toxicology of Prorocentrum arabianum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a toxic planktonic dinoflagellate from the Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea. Harmful Algae, 1: 393–400.

Morton S L, Moeller P D R, Young K A, Lanoue B. 1998. Okadaic acid production from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum belizeanum Faust isolated from the Belizean Coral Reef Ecosystem. Toxicon, 36: 201–206.

Murakami Y, Oshima Y, Yasumoto T. 1982. Identification of okadaic acid as a toxic component of a marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 48: 1 149–1 152.

Murray S, Ip C L C, Moore R, Nagahama Y, Fukuyo Y. 2009. Are Prorocentroid dinoflagellates monophyletic? A study of 25 species based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Protist, 160: 245–264.

Munir S, Siddiqui P J A, Morton L S. 2011. The occurrence of ciguatera fish poisoning producing dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus in Pakistan waters. Algae, 26(4): 317–325.

Nakajima I, Oshima Y, Yasumoto T. 1981. Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates in Okinawa. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 47: 1 029–1 033.

Nagahama Y, Murray S, Tomaru A, Fukuyo Y. 2011. Species boundaries in the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae, Prorocentrales) based on morphological and phylogenetic characters. J. Phycol., 47(1): 178–189.

Rabbani M M, Rehman A U, Harms C E. 1990. Mass mortality of fishes caused by dinoflagellate blooms in Gawader Bay, Southwest Pakistan. In: Granéli E, Sundström B, Edler L, Anderson D M eds. Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Elsevier, New York. p.209–214.

Shameel M, Tanaka J. 1992. A preliminary checklist of marine algae from the coast and inshore waters of Pakistan. In: Nakaike T, Malik S, eds. Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan. Vol. 1, Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo. p.1–64.

Steidinger K A. 1983. A re-evaluation of toxic dinoflagellate biology and ecology, Phycol. Res., 2: 147–188.

Steidinger K A, Tangen K. 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: Tomas C R ed. Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates. Academic Press, San Diego. p.387–598.

Taylor F J R. 1980. On dinoflagellate evolution. Biosystems, 13: 65–108.

Tindall D R, Morton S L. 1998. Community dynamics and physiology of epiphytic/benthic dinoflagellates associated with Ciguatera. In: Anderson D, Cembella A, Hallegraeff G, eds. Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. p.293–313.

Utermöhl H. 1958. Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. Int. Ass. Theor Appl. Limnol. Commun., 9: 1–38.

Yasumoto T, Oshima Y, Yamaguchi M. 1978. Occurrence of a new type of shellfish poisoning in the Tohoku District. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 44: 1 249–1 255.

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Zooplankton community response to eddy during dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans blooms off Pakistan, northern Arabian Sea

New and interesting diatoms from the Shimen Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. Ⅱ. The diatom genus Nupela Vyverman & Compère (Bacillariophyceae)

Information standardization for typical toxic and harmful algae in China's coastal waters—a case study of Karenia mikimotoi

Is the dinoflagellate Takayama xiamenensis a synonym of Takayama acrotrocha (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)?

The "harmful algae and algal toxins in coastal waters of China: investigation and database" project

Related Author

Mahugnon Boris DEDO

Xiping LIAN

Kaizhi LI

Chenhui XIANG

Yehui TAN

Qi LIU

Xi LUO

Shulian XIE

Related Institution

Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISEE, CAS)

Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory

School of Life Science, Shanxi University

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰