Zang, N., Wu, D. Wind energy input in coastal seas east of China., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 31, 648–655 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-2147-6
DOI:
Zang, N., Wu, D. Wind energy input in coastal seas east of China., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 31, 648–655 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-2147-6DOI:
Wind energy input in coastal seas east of China
摘要
Abstract
This study investigates the wind energy input
an important source of mechanical energy
in the coastal seas east of China. Using the wind field from the high-resolution sea surface meteorology dataset in the Bohai Sea
Yellow Sea
and East China Sea
we studied the wind energy input through surface ageostrophic currents and surface waves. Using a simple analytical formula for the Ekman Spiral with timedependent wind
the wind energy input through ageostrophic currents was estimated at ∼22 GW averaged from 1960 to 2007
and through use of an empirical formula
the wind energy input through surface waves was estimated at ∼169 GW. We also examined the seasonal variation and long-term tendency of mechanical energy from wind stress
and found that the wind energy input to the East China Sea decreased before the 1980s
and then subsequently increased
which is contrary to what has been found for the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. More complicated physical processes and varying diffusivity need to be taken into account in future studies.
关键词
Keywords
references
Alford M H. 2001. Near-inertial mixing: modulation of shear, strain and microstructure at low latitude. J. Geophys. Res., 106(C8): 16 947–16 968, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000370.
Alford M H. 2003. Improved global maps and 54-year history of wind-work on ocean inertial motions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(8): 1 424, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016614.
Coleman G N, Ferziger J H, Spalart P R. 1990. A numerical study of the turbulent Ekman layer. J. Fluid Mech., 213: 313–348, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022112090002348.
Fang G H, Kwok Y K, Yu K J et al. 1999. Numerical simulation of principal tidal constituents in the South China Sea, Gulf of Tonkin and Gulf of Thailand. Continental Shelf Research, 19(7): 845–869, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(99)00002-3.
Fang G H. 1986. Tide and tidal current charts for the marginal seas adjacent to China. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 4(1): 1–16, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02850393.
Huang R X. 1998. On the balance of energy in the oceanic general circulation. Chin. J. Atmos. Sci., 22(4): 562–574. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li P L, Li L, Zuo J C et al. 2005b. Tidal energy fluxes and dissipation in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 35(5): 713–718. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li P L, Zuo J C, Wu D X et al. 2005a. Numerical simulation of semidiurnal constituents in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea with assimilating TOPEX/POSEIDON data. Oceanol. et Limnol. Sin., 36(1): 24–30. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liang X F, Tian J W, Zhang X Q. 2006. The observations of temperature microstructure in shelf break of East China Sea. Progress in Natural Science, 16(10): 1 268–1 274. (in Chinese)
Lin X P, Wu D X, Lan J. 2004. The intrusion and influences of intraseasonal long Rossby wave in the East China Sea. J. Hydrodynamics (Ser. B), 16(5): 621–632.
Lin X P, Xie S P, Chen X, Xu L. 2006. A well-mixed warm water column in the central Bohai Sea in summer: Effects of tidal and surface wave mixing. J. Geophys. Res., 111: C11017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003504.
Munk W, Wunsch C. 1998. Abyssal recipes II: energetic of the tidal and wind mixing. Deep-Sea Res. I, 45(12): 1 977–2 010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900164.
Price J, Sundermeyer M A. 1999. Stratified Ekman layers. J. Geophys. Res., 104(C9): 20 467–20 494, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900164.
Qiao F L, Yang Y Z, Lü X G et al. 2006. Coastal upwelling in the East China Sea in winter. J. Geophys. Res., 111: C11S06, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003264.
Su J. 1998. Circulation dynamics of the China Seas north of 18°N. In: Robinson A R, Brink K H eds. The Global Coastal Ocean. The Sea, John Wiley & Sons, 11: 483–505.
Wang W, Huang R X. 2004a. Wind energy input to the Ekman layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34: 1 267–1 275, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2004)0341267:WEITTE2.0.CO;2.
Wang W, Huang R X. 2004b. Wind energy input to the surface waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34: 1 276–1 280, http://dx.doi.http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2004)0341276:WEITTS2.0.CO;2.
Watanabe M, Hibiya T. 2002. Global estimates of the windinduced energy flux to inertial motions in the surface mixed layer. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(8):1239, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014422.
Wu D X, Gao S H, Wang Y M et al. 2011. The Atlas of Monthly-Averaged Wind and Air Temperature in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea (1960–2007). China Ocean University Press, Qingdao, China. p.1–149. (in Chinese)
Wu J. 1982. Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface from Breeze to Hurricane. J. Geophys. Res., 87(C12): 9 740–9 706, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JC087iC12p09704.
Wu K J, Liu B. 2008. Stokes drift-induced and direct wind energy inputs into the Ekman layer winthin the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Geophys. Res., 113(C10002): 1–12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004579.
Wunsch C. 1998. The work done by the wind on the oceanic general circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28: 2 332–2 340, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1998)0282332:TWDBTW2.0.CO;2.
Zhou J, Zeng C, Wang L L. 2009. Influence of wind drag coefficient on wind-driven flow simulation. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics, 24(4): 440–447. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou L, Tian J W, Zhang X Q. 2005. The observations of small scale processes in shelf break of East China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin, 50(16): 1 784–1 788. (in Chinese)
The trial reading is over, you can activate your VIP account to continue reading.
Spatio-temporal variability of surface chlorophyll a in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on reconstructions of satellite data of 2001–2020
Methane in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea: dynamics, distribution, and production
Two new marine benthic diatom species of Hippodonta (Bacillariophyceae) from the coast of China: H. nanjiensis sp. nov. and H. qingdaoensis sp. nov.
Numerical simulation and preliminary analysis of typhoon waves during three typhoons in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea
Population genetic structure of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea: Squillidae) in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea
Related Author
Weichen XIE
Tao WANG
Wensheng JIANG
Wangwang YE
Guanxiang DU
Honghai ZHANG
Guiling ZHANG
Yuhang LI
Related Institution
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China
Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China
Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)