Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China

Jianqing Yu; Jingbo Jiang; Dejun Gong; Siren Li; Yongping Xu

doi:10.1007/s00343-011-0164-x

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China

Updated：2023-05-16

- Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 29, Issue 3, Pages: 691-701(2011)
- Affiliations：
  
  1. Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences
  2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  3. National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-011-0164-x
  CLC：
- Online First：15 May 2011，
  
  Published：2011
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Yu, J., Jiang, J., Gong, D. et al. Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 29, 691–701 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0164-x
DOI：

Yu, J., Jiang, J., Gong, D. et al. Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China., Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 29, 691–701 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0164-x DOI：

摘要

Abstract

Modeling sediment transport depends on several parameters

such as suspended sediment concentration (SSC)

shear stress

and settling velocity. To assess the ability of Pulse-Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiling (PC-ADP) to non-intrusively quantify spatial and temporal SSC and settling velocity at seabed

a field experiment was conducted in the Beibu Gulf (Tonkin Gulf)

in the South China Sea. The spatial profiles and temporal variations in SSC at 1 m above bottom were derived from PC-ADP acoustic backscatter intensity determinations after being calibrated with the optical backscatter sensor (OBS) measurements at the same elevation. The PC-ADP and OBS results agreed well. The temporal settling velocity obtained from Rouse profiles agreed well with the Soulsby formula based on size information by LISST (laser in situ scattering and transmissometry). Tides and tidal currents are diurnal in the gulf. SSC increased with increasing ebb and flood flow

and it rapidly decreased with the increase of distance from the seabed. The maximum SSC at 0.16 m and 1.3 m above bottom reached 816 mg/L and 490 mg/L during spring tides

respectively. The sediments consisted of mineral particles 23–162 μm in diameter and 0.05–2.04 cm/s in settling velocity. Generally

both the SSC and settling velocity followed variations in the bottom friction. Results suggest that PC-ADP is able to provide reasonable SSC and settling velocity measurements of both profiles and time series for a long study period.

关键词

Keywords

references

Agrawal Y C, Pottsmith H C. 2000. Instruments for particle size and settling velocity observations in sediment transport. Mar. Geol., 46: 371–382.

Ainslie M A, McColm J G. 1998. A simplified formula for viscous and chemical absorption in sea water. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 103: 1 671–1 672.

Curran K J, Hill P S, Milligan T G, Mikkelsen O A, Law B A, Durrieu de Madron X, Bourrin F. 2007. Settling velocity, effective density, and mass composition of suspended sediment in a coastal bottom boundary layer, Gulf of Lions, France. Cont. Shelf Res., 27: 1 408–1 421.

Deines K L. 1999. Backscatter estimation using broadband acoustic Doppler current profilers. Proceedings of the IEEE Sixth Working Conference on Current Measurements, San Diego, CA. p.249–253.

Downing A, Thorne P D, Vincent C E. 1995. Backscattering from a suspension in near field of a piston transducer. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 97: 1 614–1620.

Downing J. 2006. Twenty-five years with OBS sensors: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Cont. Shelf Res., 26: 2 299–2 318.

Dyer K R, Manning A J. 1999. Observation of the size, settling velocity and effective density of flocs, and their fractal dimensions. J. Sea Res., 41: 87–95.

Foster I D L, Millington R, Grew R G. 1992. The impact of particle size controls on stream turbidit measurement; some implications for suspended sediment yield estimation. Erosion and Sediment Transport Monitoring Programmes in River Basins (Proceeding of the Oslo Symposium). p.51–62.

Fugate D C, Friedrichs C T. 2002. Determining concentration and fall velocity of estuarine particle populations using ADV, OBS and LISST. Cont. Shelf Res., 22: 1 867–1 886.

Gartner J W, Cheng R T, Wang P F, Richter K. 2001. Laboratory and field evaluation of the LISST-100 instrument for suspended particle size determinations. Mar. Geol., 175: 199–219.

Gartner J W. 2004. Estimation suspended solids concentrations from backscatter intensity measured by acoustic Doppler current profiler in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar. Geol., 211: 169–187.

Hay A E, Sheng J. 1992. Vertical profiles of suspended sand concentration and size from multifrequency acoustic backscatter. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 15 661–15 667.

Hoitink A J, Hoekstra P. 2005. Observations of suspended sediment from ADCP and OBS measurements in a mud-dominated environment. Coast. Eng., 52: 103–118.

Holdaway G P, Thorne P D, Flatt D, Jones S E, Prandle D. 1999. Comparison between ADCP and transmissometer measurements of suspended sediment concentration. Cont. Shelf Res., 19: 421–441.

Lacy J R, Sherwood C R. 2004. Accuracy of a pulse-coherent Doppler profiler in a wave-dominated flow. J. Atmos. Ocean Tech., 21: 1 448–1 461.

Lu B, Li G X, Huang S J, Zhang F S. 2005. The comparing of seabed sediment acoustic-physical properties in Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and northern the South China Sea. Ocean. Technol., 24: 28–33. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Maa J P, Kwon J I. 2007. Using ADV for cohesive sediment settling velocity measurements. Estuar. Coast Shelf S., 73: 351–354.

Mikkelsen O A, Hill P S, Milligan T G, Chant R J. 2005. In situ particle size distributions and volume concentrations from a LISST-100 laser particle sizer and a digital floc camera. Cont. Shelf Res., 25: 1 959–1 978.

Pedocchi F, Garcia M H. 2006. Evaluation of the LISST-ST instrument for suspended particle size distribution and settling velocity measurements. Cont. Shelf Res., 26: 943–958.

Reichel G, Nachtnebel H P. 1994. Suspended sediment monitoring in a fluvial environment: Advantages and limitations applying an acoustic Doppler current profiler. Water Res., 28: 751–761.

Rouse H. 1937. Modern conceptions of the mechanics of fluid turbulence. Transactions American Society of Civil Engineers, 102: 436–505.

SonTek. 1997. SonTek Doppler current meters—using signal strength to monitor suspended sediment concentration. SonTek Application Notes, San Diego. 7p.

Soulsby R. 1997. Dynamics of Marine Sands: A Manual for Practical Applications. Thomas Telford, London. 249p.

Styles R. 2006. Laboratory evaluation of the LISST in a stratified fluid. Mar. Geol., 227: 151–162.

Tennekes H, Lumley J L. 1989. A First Course in Turbulence. The MIT Press, Cambridge. 300p.

Thorne P D, Vincent C E, Hardcastle P J, Rehman S, Pearson N. 1991. Measuring suspended sediment concentrations using acoustic backscatter devices. Mar. Geol., 98: 7–16.

Thorne P D, Hardcastle P J. 1997. Acoustic measurements of suspended sediments in turbulent currents and comparison with in-situ samples. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 101: 2 603–2 614.

Thorne P D, Butler M B. 2001. Measurements of scattering properties of suspensions of marine sand. Conference held at the Southampton Oceanographic Centre 9–12 April 2001. Acoustical Oceanography, 23: 392–398.

Thorne P D, Hanes D M. 2002. A review of acoustic measurement of small-scale sediment processes. Cont. Shelf Res., 22: 603–632.

Van der Lee W T B. 2000. Temporal variation of floc size and settling velocity in the Dollard estuary. Cont. Shelf Res., 20: 1 495–1 511.

Van Leussen W. 1999. The variability of settling velocities of suspended fine-grained sediment in the Ems estuary. J. Sea Res., 41: 109–118.

Van Rijn L C. 2007. Unified view of sediment transport by currents and waves. I: initiation of motion, bed roughness, and bed-load transport. J. Hydraul. Eng., 6: 649–667.

Xia X M, Li Y, Yang H, Wu C Y, Sing T H, Pong H K. 2004. Observations on the size and settling velocity distributions of suspended sediment in the Pearl River Estuary, China. Cont. Shelf Res., 24: 1 809–1 826.

Yuan Y, Wei H, Zhao L, Jiang W S. 2008. Observations of sediment resuspension and settling off the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 28: 2 630–2 643.

Zeng B, Zhang J, Chen G. 1989. Survey of Fishery Resources and Regional Fisheries Planning in South China Sea. Guangdong Scientific & Technological Press, China. p.202. (in Chinese)

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Cyanobacterial bloom removal by rapid flocculation and settling using modified iron tailings sand materials

Microplastics in the seawater of the Beibu Gulf, the northern South China Sea: occurrence, sources, and ecological risk

Descriptions of two species of Nassarius (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) from the South China Sea

Dynamics of Phaeocystis globosa bloom and implications for its seed sources in the Beibu Gulf, China

Two new species of Leodamas Kinberg, 1866 (Annelida, Orbiniidae) from China seas

Related Author

Jun ZHONG

Xinyi WANG

Guorui LI

Ruochen WANG

Wei ZHU

Yichao WANG

Qiongyuan SU

Zuhao ZHU

Related Institution

College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University

College of Environment, Hohai University

Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering

Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰