Research on the response of the upper ocean to typhoons

Yu QI; Ying WANG

doi:10.1007/s00343-026-5295-1

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Research on the response of the upper ocean to typhoons

Updated：2026-04-27

- Research on the response of the upper ocean to typhoons
- Research on the response of the upper ocean to typhoons
- 海洋湖沼学报(英文) 2026年页码：1-22
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  2.School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  3.College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Author bio：
  
  wangying_thw@nuist.edu.cn
- Funds：
  
  the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC2815703);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41905089)
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-026-5295-1
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-08-14，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-27，
- Accepted：
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Yu QI, Ying WANG. Research on the response of the upper ocean to typhoons[J/OL]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2026,1-22.

QI Yu,WANG Ying.Research on the response of the upper ocean to typhoons[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,
Yu QI, Ying WANG. Research on the response of the upper ocean to typhoons[J/OL]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2026,1-22. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-026-5295-1.

QI Yu,WANG Ying.Research on the response of the upper ocean to typhoons[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, DOI：.

摘要

Abstract

Typhoon

as one of the most destructive weather systems

causes significant impacts on the marine environment. We established a multi-dataset case-comparative framework by integrating Argo buoy observations

HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis data

and Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) satellite precipitation data

to elucidate the upper ocean response mechanisms to four distinctive typhoons in the northwest Pacific (2021–2024). Our analysis revealed several key mechanistic insights. Results show that the HYCOM model can simulate the temperature and salinity trends

but systematically underestimates precipitation dilution (with salinity deviations of 0.1–0.2) and mixing intensity (with temperature deviations of 0.4–1.2 °C)

due to insufficient parameterization of the wind-wave-current coupling process. After typhoon passage

sea surface temperature decreases sharply by 1.5–3 °C due mainly to the enhanced vertical mixing

while salinity decreases by 0.1–0.6 as a result of the combined effects of precipitation dilution and mixing with deep high-salinity water. The mixed layer depth (MLD) increases from 40 to 100 m. The temperature recovers gradually within 10 d due to solar shortwave radiation and advection

while salinity recovers more slowly due to its conservative nature. A notable asymmetry was observed

and the Ekman suction driven by strong winds was enhanced on the right side of the typhoon track

leading to a significantly deeper disturbance depth compared to the left side. Significant thermal anomalies were observed in the subsurface (80–500 m)

resulting from the competing effects of vertical mixing and Ekman pumping. The cold wake is primarily governed by wind-driven vertical mixing

while its spatial pattern is co-regulated by precipitation-induced freshwater input. Ekman transport plays a critical role in subsurface heat redistribution. These findings underscore the importance of multi-platform observations for understanding complex ocean responses and highlight key areas for improving coupled model parameterizations.

关键词

Keywords

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