Overview of harmful algal blooms (red tides) in Hong Kong during 1975–2021

Kin Chung HO

doi:10.1007/s00343-022-2205-z

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Overview of harmful algal blooms (red tides) in Hong Kong during 1975–2021

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- Overview of harmful algal blooms (red tides) in Hong Kong during 1975–2021
- Overview of harmful algal blooms (red tides) in Hong Kong during 1975–2021
- 海洋湖沼学报（英文） 2022年40卷第6期页码：2094-2106
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong 999077, China
  2.College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Author bio：
  
  Kin Chung HO, E-mail: kchoprofessor2@gmail.com, jzhe@shou.edu.cn
- Funds：
  
  © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-022-2205-z
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2022-04-27，
  
  录用：2022-6-8，
  
  网络首发：2022-08-16，
  
  纸质出版：2022-11
- Accepted：
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Overview of harmful algal blooms (red tides) in Hong Kong during 1975–2021[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2022,40(6):2094-2106.

Kin Chung HO. Overview of harmful algal blooms (red tides) in Hong Kong during 1975–2021[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(6): 2094-2106.
Overview of harmful algal blooms (red tides) in Hong Kong during 1975–2021[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2022,40(6):2094-2106. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-022-2205-z.

Kin Chung HO. Overview of harmful algal blooms (red tides) in Hong Kong during 1975–2021[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(6): 2094-2106. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-022-2205-z.

摘要

Abstract

Hong Kong has a long historical record of harmful algal blooms (HABs). In the 1980s–1990s

HABs were mainly pollution-related and most of the events happened in estuaries and enclosed embayment such as Tolo Harbour and Port Shelter. The major cause of HABs in 1980s–1990s was closely related to nutrients enrichment; included but not limited to changes in the concentration and ratio of soluble N and P in seawater. The major causative organisms of HABs in Hong Kong by then were meso-plankton such as selected species of diatoms and dinoflagellates. Sometimes

zooplankton was also a cause of red tides (the common name of HABs). There has been gradual change after the 2000s. It is attributed to higher and higher influences from the region

namely the Zhujiang (Pearl) River delta. There are increasing influences from Chinese mainland due to extraordinary social and economic growths during the past 20 years. In the past 10 years

HABs in Hong Kong was mainly subject to regional impacts in the Zhujiang River delta. Both the duration period and covered areas have been enlarged which overwhelmed the localized influences of stream pollution and self-contamination of aquaculture zones. More flagellates of uncommon happening become dominant species in HAB now. Nevertheless

the seasonal impact of

Noctiluca scintillans

in late winter to mid spring remained.

关键词

Keywords

references

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