Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate <italic style="font-style: italic">Gymnodinium impudicum</italic> in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China

Jinxiu WANG; Fanzhou KONG; Yunfeng WANG; Nanjing JI; Minjie SONG; Zhangxi HU; Zhuang NIU; Chao LIU; Xin WANG; Yuanyuan SUN; Rencheng YU; Tian YAN

doi:10.1007/s00343-022-1402-0

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Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China

Bloom dynamics | Updated：2023-05-20

- Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China
- Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China
- 海洋湖沼学报（英文） 2022年40卷第6期页码：2430-2445
- Affiliations：
  
  1.CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  2.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
  3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  4.Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  5.CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  6.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Author bio：
  
  Fanzhou KONG, E-mail: fzkong@qdio.ac.cn
  Tian YAN, E-mail: tianyan@qdio.ac.cn
- Funds：
  
  the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2018FY100200);the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23050302);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776127);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42006135);the Key Program for International S & T Cooperation Projects:Sino-Australian Center for Healthy Coasts(2016YFE0101500);© Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022Electronic supplementary materialSupplementary material (Supplementary Fig.S1 and Table S1) is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-1402-0.
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-022-1402-0
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2021-11-30，
  
  录用：2022-1-14，
  
  网络首发：2022-05-23，
  
  纸质出版：2022-11
- Accepted：
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Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2022,40(6):2430-2445.

Jinxiu WANG, Fanzhou KONG, Yunfeng WANG, et al. Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(6): 2430-2445.
Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2022,40(6):2430-2445. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-022-1402-0.

Jinxiu WANG, Fanzhou KONG, Yunfeng WANG, et al. Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(6): 2430-2445. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-022-1402-0.

摘要

Abstract

With the development of industrialization and aquaculture in Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces along the South Yellow Sea coast

China

eutrophication has greatly intensified in the region

resulting in frequent occurrence of diverse harmful algal blooms. An algal bloom formed by a chain-forming dinoflagellate species was recorded in the Haizhou Bay

South Yellow Sea

in September 2020. The causative species was isolated and studied in morphology

molecular phylogeny

pigment profile

presence of paralytic shellfish toxins

and acute toxicity. The loop-shaped apical groove running anticlockwise around the apex

the presence of peridinin as characteristic pigment

as well as a single phylogenic clade of 28S ribosomal DNA (100% posterior probability)

defined this species as

Gymnodinium impudicum

a non-toxic species that exhibited no obvious biotoxicity to the rotifer

Brachionus plicatilis

the copepod Artemia salina

and the shrimp

Neomysis awatschensis

Gymnodinium impudicum

is typically distributed in coastal waters with high nitrate concentrations

where it reaches a maximum density of 2.6×10

cells/L. This is the first report of a

G. impudicum

bloom in the Yellow Sea; however

G. impudicum

blooms may have been misidentified or underreported in Haizhou Bay due to the species morphological similarity with

G. catenatum

. A combination of multiple methods is recommended to accurately identify new algal bloom species.

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references

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Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China

Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, China

DOI：10.1007/s00343-022-1402-0

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references