Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula

Guangchao HOU; Jingsheng ZHAI; Qi SHAO; Yanling ZHAO; Wei LI; Guijun HAN; Kangzhuang LIANG

doi:10.1007/s00343-022-1295-y

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Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula

Physics | Updated：2023-04-27

- Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula
- Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula
- 海洋湖沼学报（英文） 2023年41卷第1期页码：57-71
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  2.Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology, Tianjin 300074, China
  3.The PLA 31010 Units, Beijing 100081, China
- Author bio：
  
  Wei LI, E-mail: liwei1978@tju.edu.cn
  Guijun HAN, E-mail: guijun_han@tju.edu.cn
- Funds：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41876014);the Open Project of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oceanic Meteorology(No. 2020TKLOMYB04);© Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-022-1295-y
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2021-09-08，
  
  录用：2021-11-8，
  
  网络首发：2022-01-14，
  
  纸质出版：2023-01
- Accepted：
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Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2023,41(1):57-71.

Guangchao HOU, Jingsheng ZHAI, Qi SHAO, et al. Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2023, 41(1): 57-71.
Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula[J]. 海洋湖沼学报（英文）, 2023,41(1):57-71. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-022-1295-y.

Guangchao HOU, Jingsheng ZHAI, Qi SHAO, et al. Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2023, 41(1): 57-71. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-022-1295-y.

摘要

Abstract

It is essential to acquire sound speed profiles (SSPs) in high-precision spatiotemporal resolution for undersea acoustic activities. However

conventional observation methods cannot obtain high-resolution SSPs. Besides

SSPs are complex and changeable in time and space

especially in coastal areas. We proposed a new space-time multigrid three-dimensional variational method with weak constraint term (referred to as STC-MG3DVar) to construct high-precision spatiotemporal resolution SSPs in coastal areas

in which sound velocity is defined as the analytical variable

and the Chen-Millero sound velocity empirical formula is introduced as a weak constraint term into the cost function of the STC-MG3DVar. The spatiotemporal correlation of sound velocity observations is taken into account in the STC-MG3DVar method

and the multi-scale information of sound velocity observations from long waves to short waves can be successively extracted. The weak constraint term can optimize sound velocity by the physical relationship between sound velocity and temperature-salinity to obtain more reasonable and accurate SSPs. To verify the accuracy of the STC-MG3DVar

SSPs observations and CTD observations (temperature observations

salinity observations) are obtained from field experiments in the northern coastal area of the Shandong Peninsula. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of the STC-MG3DVar-constructed SSPs is 0.132 m/s

and the STC-MG3DVar method can improve the SSPs construction accuracy over the space-time multigrid 3DVar without weak constraint term (ST-MG3DVar) by 10.14% and over the spatial multigrid 3DVar with weak constraint term (SC-MG3DVar) by 44.19%. With the advantage of the constraint term and the spatiotemporal correlation information

the proposed STC-MG3DVar method works better than the ST-MG3DVar and the SC-MG3DVar in constructing high-precision spatiotemporal resolution SSPs.

关键词

Keywords

references

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