Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: <italic style="font-style: italic">Caulerpa lentillifera</italic> and <italic style="font-style: italic">Gracilaria tenuistipitata</italic> as microplastic bio-elimination vectors

Zihao LI; Dejiang FU; Shuguo LÜ; Zhiyuan LIU

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors

Ecology | Updated：2024-10-12

- Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors
- Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors
- 海洋湖沼学报(英文) 2023年41卷第6期页码：2249-2261
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
  2.College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
  3.Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
- Author bio：
  
  liuzhiyuan111@hainanu.edu.cn
- Funds：
  
  the Key R&D Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2020178);the Construction of Public Scientific Research Platform for Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, a Central-Government-Led Local Science and Technology Development Foundation(ZY2021HN04)
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2022-08-15，
  
  录用：2022-10-15，
  
  网络首发：2022-11-07，
  
  纸质出版：2023-11-01
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors[J]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2023,41(6):2249-2261.

LI Zihao,FU Dejiang,LÜ Shuguo,et al.Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(06):2249-2261.
Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors[J]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2023,41(6):2249-2261. DOI：

LI Zihao,FU Dejiang,LÜ Shuguo,et al.Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(06):2249-2261. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

The pollution of microplastics (MPs) in the ocean has become a serious matter of concern. The farmed seaweeds (

Caulerpa

lentillifera

and

Gracilaria

tenuistipitata

) were selected to study their ability of adsorption with two typical classes of MPs (polyamides and polystyrene)

thereby revealing the interaction between MPs and macroalgae and exploring novel methods of removing MPs from macroalgae. The results demonstrate that polyamides (PA) fibers had no effect on the various physiological parameters of both seaweeds (e.g.

relative growth rate

photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate

the contents of malondialdehyde and extracellular polymeric substances) after 7 days of exposure

except for the chlorophyll-

concentration. However

the effects of polystyrene (PS) particles on the algae were strongly associated with the concentration of MPs exposure. Exposed to the high concentration (100 mg/L) of PS particles

the relative growth rate of

lentillifera

and

tenuistipitata

decreased by 54.56% and 30.62%

respectively

compared to the control

while no significant (

0.05) harmful effect of PS particles on seaweeds was observed in an environment with a low content of PS particles (25 mg/L). The PS particles in concentration of 100 mg/L significantly (

0.05) inhibited photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) contents in both seaweeds

but increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. When exposed for 72 h

the MPs adhesion rate of

tenuistipitata

is higher than that of

lentillifera

which might be due to the higher EPS content of

tenuistipitata

. The MPs desorption experiment indicated that the combination of dewatering and washing had the highest desorption rate of MPs which could reach to 91.45% and 87.23% for

lentillifera

and

tenuistipitata

respectively. This research demonstrates the potential of macroalgae as a vector for MPs in aquatic environment and provides methodological insights into decontamination procedures for removing the MPs from macroalgae.

关键词

Keywords

references

Akdogan Z , Guven B . 2019 . Microplastics in the environment: a critical review of current understanding and identification of future research needs . Environmental Pollution , 254 : 113011 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113011 .

Besseling E , Wang B , Lürling M et al . 2014 . Nanoplastic affects growth of S . obliquus and reproduction of D . magna . Environmental Science & Technology , 48 ( 20 ): 12336 - 12343 , https://doi.org/10.1021/es503001d https://doi.org/10.1021/es503001d .

Bhattacharya P , Lin S J , Turner J P et al . 2010 . Physical adsorption of charged plastic nanoparticles affects algal photosynthesis . The Journal of Physical Chemistry C , 114 ( 39 ): 16556 - 16561 , https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1054759 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1054759 .

Campos da Rocha F O , Martinez S T , Campos V P et al . 2021 . Microplastic pollution in Southern Atlantic marine waters: review of current trends, sources, and perspectives . Science of the Total Environment , 782 : 146541 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146541 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146541 .

Chae Y , Kim D , An Y J . 2019 . Effects of micro-sized polyethylene spheres on the marine microalga Dunaliella salina : focusing on the algal cell to plastic particle size ratio . Aquatic Toxicology , 216 : 105296 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105296 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105296 .

Chen G L , Feng Q Y , Wang J . 2020a . Mini-review of microplastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans . Science of the Total Environment , 703 : 135504 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135504 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135504 .

Chen S W , Xu K , Ji D H et al . 2020b . Release of dissolved and particulate organic matter by marine macroalgae and its biogeochemical implications . Algal Research , 52 : 102096 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.102096 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.102096 .

Chi Y Z , Li Y P , Zhang G L et al . 2018 . Effect of ex traction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation . Carbohydrate Polymers , 181 : 616 - 623 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.104 .

Cunha C , Faria M , Nogueira N et al . 2019 . Marine vs freshwater microalgae exopolymers as biosolutions to microplastics pollution . Environmental Pollution , 249 : 372 - 380 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.046 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.046 .

Eriksen M , Lebreton L C M , Carson H S et al . 2014 . Plastic pollution in the world's oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea . PLoS One , 9 ( 12 ): e111913 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 .

Feng Z H , Zhang T , Shi H H et al . 2020a . Microplastics in bloom-forming macroalgae: distribution, characteristics and impacts . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 397 : 122752 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122752 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122752 .

Feng Z H , Zhang T , Wang J X et al . 2020b . Spatio-temporal features of microplastics pollution in macroalgae growing in an important mariculture area, China . Science of the Total Environment , 719 : 137490 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137490 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137490 .

Figueroa F L , Conde-Álvarez R , Gómez I . 2003 . Relations between electron transport rates determined by pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen evolution in macroalgae under different light conditions . Photosynthesis Research , 75 ( 3 ): 259 - 275 , https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023936313544 https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023936313544 .

Gao F L , Li J X , Hu J et al . 2020 . Occurrence of microplastics carried on Ulva prolifera from the Yellow Sea, China . Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering , 2 : 100054 , https://doi.org/j.cscee.2020.100054 https://doi.org/j.cscee.2020.100054 .

Gao G , Gao L , Jiang M J et al . 2022 . The potential of seaweed cultivation to achieve carbon neutrality and mitigate deoxygenation and eutrophication . Environmental Research Letters , 17 ( 1 ): 014018 , https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3fd9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3fd9 .

Gao G , Zhao X , Jin P et al . 2021 . Current understanding and challenges for aquatic primary producers in a world with rising micro- and nano-plastic levels . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 406 : 124685 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124685 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124685 .

Glenn E P , Doty M S . 1992 . Water motion affects the growth rates of Kappaphycus alvarezii and related red seaweeds . Aquaculture , 108 ( 3-4 ): 233 - 246 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90109-x https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90109-x .

Goss H , Jaskiel J , Rotjan R . 2018 . Thalassia testudinum as a potential vector for incorporating microplastics into benthic marine food webs . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 135 : 1085 - 1089 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.024 .

Gutow L , Eckerlebe A , Giménez L et al . 2016 . Experimental evaluation of seaweeds as a vector for microplastics into marine food webs . Environmental Science & Technology , 50 ( 2 ): 915 - 923 , https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02431 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02431 .

Guzzetti E , Sureda A , Tejada S et al . 2018 . Microplastic in marine organism: environmental and toxicological effects . Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology , 64 : 164 - 171 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.10.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.10.009 .

Hassid W Z , Abraham S K . 1957 . Chemical procedures for analysis of polysaccharides . Methods in Enzymology , 3 : 34 - 50 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(57)03345-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(57)03345-5 .

Haward M . 2018 . Plastic pollution of the world's seas and oceans as a contemporary challenge in ocean governance . Nature Communications , 9 ( 1 ): 667 , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03104-3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03104-3 .

Hazeem L J , Yesilay G , Bououdina M et al . 2020 . Investigation of the toxic effects of different polystyrene micro-and nanoplastics on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris by analysis of cell viability, pigment content, oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 156 : 111278 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111278 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111278 .

Hong Y , Hu H Y , Xie X et al . 2009 . Gramine-induced growth inhibition, oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa . Aquatic Toxicology , 91 ( 3 ): 262 - 269 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.11.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.11.014 .

Kalčíková G . 2020 . Aquatic vascular plants—a forgotten piece of nature in microplastic research . Environmental Pollution , 262 : 114354 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114354 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114354 .

Kalčíková G , Skalar T , Marolt G et al . 2020 . An environmental concentration of aged microplastics with adsorbed silver significantly affects aquatic organisms . Water Research , 175 : 115644 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115644 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115644 .

Khandare S D , Chaudhary D R , Jha B . 2022 . Marine bacteria-based polyvinyl chloride (PVC) degradation by-products: toxicity analysis on Vigna radiata and edible seaweed Ulva lactuca . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 175 : 113366 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113366 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113366 .

Lagarde F , Olivier O , Zanella M et al . 2016 . Microplastic interactions with freshwater microalgae: hetero-aggregation and changes in plastic density appear strongly dependent on polymer type . Environmental Pollution , 215 : 331 - 339 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.006 .

Lebreton L C M , van der Zwet J , Damsteeg J W et al . 2017 . River plastic emissions to the world's oceans . Nature Communications , 8 : 15611 , https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15611 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15611 .

Li Q P , Feng Z H , Zhang T et al . 2020a . Microplastics in the commercial seaweed nori . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 388 : 122060 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122060 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122060 .

Li S X , Wang P P , Zhang C et al . 2020b . Influence of polystyrene microplastics on the growth, photosynthetic efficiency and aggregation of freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . Science of the Total Environment , 714 : 136767 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136767 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136767 .

Liu W Y , Zhang J L , Liu H et al . 2021 . A review of the removal of microplastics in global wastewater treatment plants: characteristics and mechanisms . Environment International , 146 : 106277 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106277 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106277 .

Marinho-Soriano E . 2012 . Effect of depth on growth and pigment contents of the macroalgae Gracilaria bursa - pastoris . Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia , 22 ( 4 ): 730 - 735 , https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000059 https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000059 .

Mateos-Cárdenas A , Scott D T , Seitmaganbetova G et al . 2019 . Polyethylene microplastics adhere to Lemna minor (L.), yet have no effects on plant growth or feeding by Gammarus duebeni (Lillj.) . Science of the Total Environment , 689 : 413 - 421 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.359 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.359 .

Miao A J , Schwehr K A , Xu C et al . 2009 . The algal toxicity of silver engineered nanoparticles and detoxification by exopolymeric substances . Environmental Pollution , 157 ( 11 ): 3034 - 3041 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.047 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.047 .

Miller M E , Hamann M , Kroon F J . 2020 . Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of microplastics in marine organisms: a review and meta-analysis of current data . PLoS One , 15 ( 10 ): e0240792 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240792 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240792 .

Pancha I , Chokshi K , Maurya R et al . 2015 . Salinity induced oxidative stress enhanced biofuel production potential of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. CCNM 1077 . Bioresource Technology , 189 : 341 - 348 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.017 .

Peller J , Nevers M B , Byappanahalli M et al . 2021 . Sequestration of microfibers and other microplastics by green algae, Cladophora , in the US Great Lakes . Environmental Pollution , 276 : 116695 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116695 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116695 .

Perren W , Wojtasik A , Cai Q . 2018 . Removal of microbeads from wastewater using electrocoagulation . ACS Omega , 3 ( 3 ): 3357 - 3364 , https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b02037 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b02037 .

Rozman U , Jemec Kokalj A , Dolar A et al . 2022 . Long-term interactions between microplastics and floating macrophyte Lemna minor : the potential for phytoremediation of microplastics in the aquatic environment . Science of the Total Environment , 831 : 154866 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154866 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154866 .

Rozman U , Turk T , Skalar T et al . 2021 . An extensive characterization of various environmentally relevant microplastics—material properties, leaching and ecotoxicity testing . Science of the Total Environment , 773 : 145576 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145576 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145576 .

Sampath-Wiley P , Neefus C D , Jahnke L S . 2008 . Seasonal effects of sun exposure and emersion on intertidal seaweed physiology: fluctuations in antioxidant contents, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic efficiency in the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis Kützing (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 361 ( 2 ): 83 - 91 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.001 .

Seng N , Lai S , Fong J et al . 2020 . Early evidence of microplastics on seagrass and macroalgae . Marine and Freshwater Research , 71 ( 8 ): 922 - 928 , https://doi.org/10.1071/mf19177 https://doi.org/10.1071/mf19177 .

Sfriso A A , Tomio Y , Juhmani A S et al . 2021 . Macrophytes: a temporary sink for microplastics in transitional water systems . Water , 13 ( 21 ): 3032 , https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213032 https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213032 .

Song C F , Liu Z Z , Wang C L et al . 2020 . Different interaction performance between microplastics and microalgae: the bio-elimination potential of Chlorella sp. L38 and Phaeodactylum tricornutum MASCC-0025 . Science of the Total Environment , 723 : 138146 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138146 .

Song C F , Wei Y L , Qiu Y T et al . 2019 . Biodegradability and mechanism of florfenicol via Chlorella sp . UTEX 1602 and L 38 : experimental study. Bioresource Technology, 272 : 529 - 534 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.080 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.080 .

Sundbæk K B , Koch I D W , Villaro C G et al . 2018 . Sorption of fluorescent polystyrene microplastic particles to edible seaweed Fucus vesiculosus . Journal of Applied Phycology , 30 ( 5 ): 2923 - 2927 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1472-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1472-8 .

Talvitie J , Mikola A , Koistinen A et al . 2017 . Solutions to microplastic pollution—removal of microplastics from wastewater effluent with advanced wastewater treatment technologies . Water Research , 123 : 401 - 407 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.005 .

Taylor R B , Cole R G . 1994 . Mobile epifauna on subtidal brown seaweeds in Northeastern New Zealand . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 115 : 271 - 282 . https://do 10.3354/meps115271 http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps115271

Thiagarajan V , Pavani M , Archanaa S et al . 2019 . Diminishing bioavailability and toxicity of P25 TiO 2 NPs during continuous exposure to marine algae Chlorella sp . Chemosphere , 233 : 363 - 372 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.270 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.270 .

Turner A , Brice D , Brown M T . 2012 . Interactions of silver nanoparticles with the marine macroalga, Ulva lactuca . Ecotoxicology , 21 ( 1 ): 148 - 154 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0774-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0774-2 .

Wellburn A R . 1994 . The Spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b , as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution . Journal of Plant Physiology , 144 ( 3 ): 307 - 313 , https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81192-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81192-2 .

Wright S L , Thompson R C , Galloway T S . 2013 . The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review . Environmental Pollution , 178 : 483 - 492 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.031 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.031 .

Wu Y M , Guo P Y , Zhang X Y et al . 2019 . Effect of microplastics exposure on the photosynthesis system of freshwater algae . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 374 : 219 - 227 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.039 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.039 .

Xu S , Ma J , Ji R et al . 2020 . Microplastics in aquatic environments: occurrence, accumulation, and biological effects . Science of the Total Environment , 703 : 134699 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134699 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134699 .

Yaseen A , Assad I , Sofi M S et al . 2022 . A global review of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: understanding their occurrence, fate and impact . Environmental Research , 212 : 113258 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113258 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113258 .

Yu H W , Qi W X , Cao X F et al . 2022 . Impact of microplastics on the foraging, photosynthesis and digestive systems of submerged carnivorous macrophytes under low and high nutrient concentrations . Environmental Pollution , 292 : 118220 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118220 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118220 .

Yu H W , Zhang X L , Hu J W et al . 2020 . Ecotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics to submerged carnivorous Utricularia vulgaris plants in freshwater ecosystems . Environmental Pollution , 265 : 114830 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114830 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114830 .

Zhang Q Z , Diao X P , Xie J et al . 2020 . Distribution characteristics of microplastics in water and sediment of mariculture area in Eastern Hainan . Natural Science Journal of Hainan University , 38 ( 2 ): 159 - 165 , https://doi.org/10.15886/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2020.0023. https://doi.org/10.15886/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2020.0023. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang T , Wang J X , Liu D X et al . 2022 . Loading of microplastics by two related macroalgae in a sea area where gold and green tides occur simultaneously . Science of the Total Environment , 814 : 152809 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152809 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152809 .

Zhang Z Q , Chen Y G . 2020 . Effects of microplastics on wastewater and sewage sludge treatment and their removal: a review . Chemical Engineering Journal , 382 : 122955 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122955 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122955 .

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Effects of sulfate content and salinity on growth, oxygen consumption, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity, and hepatopancreas histopathology of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Experimental study on interaction between epizoic diatoms and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei

Microplastics in sediment of the Three Gorges Reservoir: abundance and characteristics under different environmental conditions

Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in shellfish from Jiaozhou Bay, China

高压涡轮封严流与主流相互作用的机理研究

Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors

Interaction between macroalgae and microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as microplastic bio-elimination vectors

DOI：

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references