Geochemistry and sedimentology of sediments in a short fluvial system, NW China: implications to the provenance and tectonic setting

Ling GUO; Huanmeng ZHANG; Xiaoxia PENG

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Geochemistry and sedimentology of sediments in a short fluvial system, NW China: implications to the provenance and tectonic setting

Geology | Updated：2024-10-14

- Geochemistry and sedimentology of sediments in a short fluvial system, NW China: implications to the provenance and tectonic setting
- Geochemistry and sedimentology of sediments in a short fluvial system, NW China: implications to the provenance and tectonic setting
- 海洋湖沼学报(英文) 2023年41卷第5期页码：1706-1728
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
  2.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Author bio：
  
  pengxiaoxia2019@126.com
- Funds：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130206;41302076);the MOST Special Fund awarded by the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University(201210128);the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology(DMSM2017033)
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2021-12-30，
  
  录用：2022-04-20，
  
  网络首发：2022-06-02，
  
  纸质出版：2023-09-01
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Geochemistry and sedimentology of sediments in a short fluvial system, NW China: implications to the provenance and tectonic setting[J]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2023,41(5):1706-1728.

GUO Ling,ZHANG Huanmeng,PENG Xiaoxia.Geochemistry and sedimentology of sediments in a short fluvial system, NW China: implications to the provenance and tectonic setting[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(05):1706-1728.
Geochemistry and sedimentology of sediments in a short fluvial system, NW China: implications to the provenance and tectonic setting[J]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2023,41(5):1706-1728. DOI：

GUO Ling,ZHANG Huanmeng,PENG Xiaoxia.Geochemistry and sedimentology of sediments in a short fluvial system, NW China: implications to the provenance and tectonic setting[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(05):1706-1728. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

Six outcrop sections in Fenghe River

Northwestern China

were sampled and analyzed. This study aims to determine provenance

tectonic setting

and source-area paleoweathering of the sediments of Fenghe River in combination of lithofaci

es analysis and bulk-rock geochemical data. The lithofacies in the studied area were classified as gravel

sand

and fine-grained clastic lithofacies

reflecting generally channel fill deposits

channel bar deposits

and over-bank deposits

respectively. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA)

Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA)

and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) values ranged 50.10–62.29

50.13–66.35

56.52–71.12

respectively

together with element ratios such as Rb/Sr

K/Na

Rb/K

Th/K

Rb/Ti

and Cs/Ti indicate that the source area was under a low to moderate chemical weathering condition probably in cold and semi-arid climates. Moreover

plot of SiO

vs. (Al

O+Na

O) suggests that the sediments were deposited in a semi-arid climate. Plots of Cr/Th vs. Th/Sc

TiO

vs. Zr

La/Yb vs. rare earth element (REE)

and La-Th-Sc ternary diagrams

along with the lithology

indicate that the sediments in Fenghe River were mainly originated from felsic igneous rocks. Major elements-based discrimination diagrams and Th-Sc-Zr/10 and La-Th-Sc ternary diagram of the samples indicates that the source rocks of Fenghe River developed in a composite active continental margin and continental island arc field.

关键词

Keywords

references

Ahmad I , Chandra R . 2013 . Geochemistry of loess-paleosol sediments of Kashmir Valley, India: provenance and weathering . Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , 66 : 73 - 89 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.029 .

Allen J R L . 1984 . Sedimentary Structures: their Character and Physical Basis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .

Ashley G M . 1990 . Classification of large-scale subaqueous bedforms: a new look at an old problem . Journal of Sedimentary Research , 60 ( 1 ): 160 - 172 , https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.60.160 https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.60.160 .

Bhatia M R . 1985 . Rare earth element geochemistry of Australian Paleozoic graywackes and mudrocks: provenance and tectonic control . Sedimentary Geology , 45 ( 1-2 ): 97 - 113 , https://doi.‍org/10.1016/0037-0738(85)90025-9 https://doi.‍org/10.1016/0037-0738(85)90025-9 . https://do 10.1016/0037-0738(85)90025-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(85)90025-9

Bhatia M R , Crook K A W . 1986 . Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins . Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , 92 ( 2 ): 181 - 193 , https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00375292 https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00375292 .

Blikra L H , Nemec W . 1998 . Postglacial colluvium in western Norway: depositional processes, facies and palaeoclimatic record . Sedimentology , 45 ( 5 ): 909 - 959 , https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1998.00200.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1998.00200.x .

Bordy E M , Catuneanu O . 2002 . Sedimentology of the lower Karoo Supergroup fluvial strata in the Tuli Basin, South Africa . Journal of African Earth Sciences , 35 ( 4 ): 503 - 521 , https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00129-x https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00129-x .

Cullers R L . 1994 . The controls on the major and trace element variation of shales, siltstones, and sandstones of Pennsylvanian-Permian age from uplifted continental blocks in Colorado to platform sediment in Kansas, USA . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 58 ( 22 ): 4955 - 4972 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90224-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90224-0 .

Cullers R L . 2000 . The geochemistry of shales, siltstones and sandstones of Pennsylvanian-Permian age, Colorado, USA: implications for provenance and metamorphic studies . Lithos , 51 ( 3 ): 181 - 203 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00063-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00063-8 .

Cullers R L , Barrett T , Carlson R et al . 1987 . Rare-earth element and mineralogic changes in holocene soil and stream sediment: a case study in the wet mountains, colorado, U.S.A . Chemical Geology , 63 ( 3-4 ): 275 - 297 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(87)90167-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(87)90167-7 .

Cullers R L , Podkovyrov V N . 2002 . The source and origin of terrigenous sedimentary rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Ui Group, southeastern Russia . Precambrian Research , 117 ( 3-4 ): 157 - 183 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00079-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00079-7 .

Deconinck J F , Hesselbo S P , Debuisser N et al . 2003 . Environmental controls on clay mineralogy of an Early Jurassic mudrock (Blue Lias Formation, southern England) . International Journal of Earth Sciences , 92 ( 2 ): 255 - 266 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-003-0318-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-003-0318-y .

Dinis P A , Garzanti E , Hahn A et al . 2020 . Weathering indices as climate proxies. A step forward based on Congo and SW African river muds . Earth-Science Reviews , 201 : 103039 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103039 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103039 .

Dong Y P , Liu X M , Neubauer F et al . 2013 . Timing of Paleozoic amalgamation between the North China and South China Blocks: evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages . Tectonophysics , 586 : 173 - 191 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.11.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.11.018 .

Fedo C M , Nesbitt H W , Young G M . 1995 . Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance . Geology , 23 ( 10 ): 921 - 924 , https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0921:UTEOPM>2.3.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0921:UTEOPM>2.3.CO;2.

Floyd P A , Leveridge B E . 1987 . Tectonic environment of the Devonian Gramscatho basin, South Cornwall: framework mode and geochemical evidence from turbiditic sandstones . Journal of the Geological Society , 144 ( 4 ): 531 - 542 , https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.144.4.0531 https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.144.4.0531 .

Galloway W E , Hobday D K . 2012 . Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems: Applications to Petroleum, Coal, and Uranium Exploration . Springer Science & Business Media, New York .

Guo L , Jia C C , Du W . 2016 . Geochemistry of lower Silurian shale of Longmaxi formation, southeastern Sichuan Basin, China: implications for provenance and source weathering . Journal of Central South University , 23 ( 2 ): 669 - 676 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3112-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3112-2 .

Harnois L . 1988 . The CIW index: a new chemical index of weathering . Sedimentary Geology , 55 ( 3-4 ): 319 - 322 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90137-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90137-6 .

Hayashi K I , Fujisawa H , Holland H D et al . 1997 . Geochemistry of ~1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 61 ( 19 ): 4115 - 4137 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00214-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00214-7 .

Herron M M . 1988 . Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data . Journal of Sedimentary Research , 58 ( 5 ): 820 - 829 , https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8E77-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8E77-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D .

Hessler A M , Lowe D R . 2006 . Weathering and sediment generation in the Archean: an integrated study of the evolution of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the 3.2 Ga Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa . Precambrian Research , 151 ( 3-4 ): 185 - 210 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.08.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.08.008 .

Huang Y X , Guo X W , Zhang X H et al . 2021 . Geochemistry of the upper Permian sandstones in the Dalong Formation in the South Yellow Sea Basin, East China: implications to provenance, weathering, and tectonic setting . Journal of Oceanology and Limnology , 39 ( 3 ): 814 - 829 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-0155-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-0155-x .

Jiang Z Z , Sun Z L , Liu Z Q et al . 2019 . Rare-earth element geochemistry reveals the provenance of sediments on the southwestern margin of the Challenger Deep . Journal of Oceanology and Limnology , 37 ( 3 ): 998 - 1009 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-8046-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-8046-8 .

Johnsson M J . 1993 . The system controlling the composition of clastic sediments . In: Johnsson M J, Basu A eds. Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments : Boulder,Colorado,Geological Society of America. p . 1 - 20 . https://do 10.1130/spe284-p1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe284-p1

Khalifa M A , Catuneanu O . 2008 . Sedimentology of the fluvial and fluvio-marine facies of the Bahariya Formation (Early Cenomanian), Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt . Journal of African Earth Sciences , 51 ( 2 ): 89 - 103 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2007.12.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2007.12.004 .

Liu Y , Liu X M , Hu Z C et al . 2007 . Evaluation of accuracy and long-term stability of determination of 37 trace elements in geological samples by ICP-MS . Acta Petrologica Sinica , 23 ( 5 ): 1203 - 1210 , https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0569.2007.05.034. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0569.2007.05.034. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Loba A , Sykuła M , Kierczak J et al . 2020 . In situ weathering of rocks or aeolian silt deposition: key parameters for verifying parent material and pedogenesis in the opawskie mountains—a case study from SW Poland . Journal of Soils and Sediments , 20 ( 1 ): 435 - 451 , https://doi.org/10.1007/S11368-019-02377-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11368-019-02377-5 .

Martin C A L , Turner B R . 1998 . Origins of massive-type sandstones in braided river systems . Earth-Science Reviews , 44 ( 1-2 ): 15 - 38 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(98)00019-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(98)00019-1 .

McLennan S M . 1993 . Weathering and global denudation . The Journal of Geology , 101 ( 2 ): 295 - 303 , https://doi.org/10.1086/648222 https://doi.org/10.1086/648222 .

McLennan S M , Hemming S , McDaniel D K et al . 1993 . Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics . In: Johnsson M J, Basu A eds. Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments : Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America. p . 21 - 40 . https://do 10.1130/spe284-p21 http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe284-p21

McLoughlin S , Drinnan A N . 1997 . Fluvial sedimentology and revised stratigraphy of the Triassic Flagstone Bench Formation, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica . Geological Magazine , 134 ( 6 ): 781 - 806 , https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756897007528 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756897007528 .

Meng Q R , Zhang G W . 2000 . Geologic framework and tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, central China . Tectonophysics , 323 ( 3-4 ): 183 - 196 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00106-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00106-2 .

Miall A D . 1985 . Architectural-element analysis: a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits . Earth-Science Review , 22 ( 4 ): 261 - 308 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(85)90001-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(85)90001-7 .

Miall A D . 1996 . The Geology of Fluvial Deposits . Springer, Berlin .

Moosavirad S M , Janardhana M R , Sethumadhav M S et al . 2011 . Geochemistry of lower Jurassic shales of the Shemshak formation, Kerman province, central Iran: provenance, source weathering and tectonic setting . Geochemistry , 71 ( 3 ): 279 - 288 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2010.10.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2010.10.001 .

Nesbitt H W , Fedo C M , Young G M . 1997 . Quartz and feldspar stability, steady and non-steady-state weathering, and petrogenesis of siliciclastic sands and muds . The Journal of Geology , 105 ( 2 ): 173 - 191 , https://doi.org/10.1086/515908 https://doi.org/10.1086/515908 .

Nesbitt H W , Young G M . 1982 . Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of Lutites . Nature , 299 ( 5885 ): 715 - 717 , https://doi.org/10.1038/299715a0 https://doi.org/10.1038/299715a0 .

Nesbitt H W , Young G M . 1984 . Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 48 ( 7 ): 1523 - 1534 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90408-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90408-3 .

North C P , Davidson S K . 2012 . Unconfined alluvial flow processes: recognition and interpretation of their deposits, and the significance for palaeogeographic reconstruction . Earth-Science Reviews , 111 ( 1-2 ): 199 - 223 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.11.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.11.008 .

Peng X X , Feng C J , Guo L . 2021 . Sedimentary geochemistry of the Weihe river sediments, central China: implications for provenance and weathering . Arabian Journal of Geosciences , 14 ( 7 ): 604 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06888-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06888-9 .

Perri F , Scarciglia F , Apollaro C et al . 2015 . Characterization of granitoid profiles in the Sila Massif (Calabria, southern Italy) and reconstruction of weathering processes by mineralogy, chemistry, and reaction path modeling . Journal of Soils and Sediments , 15 ( 6 ): 1351 - 1372 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0856-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0856-x .

Price J R , Velbel M A . 2003 . Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks . Chemical Geology , 202 ( 3-4 ): 397 - 416 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2002.11.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2002.11.001 .

Rahman M J J , Suzuki S . 2007 . Geochemistry of sandstones from the Miocene Surma Group, Bengal Basin, Bangladesh: implications for Provenance, tectonic setting and weathering . Geochemical Journal , 41 ( 6 ): 415 - 428 , https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.41.415 https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.41.415 .

Ribes C , Kergaravat C , Bonnel C et al . 2015 . Fluvial sedimentation in a salt-controlled mini-basin: stratal patterns and facies assemblages, Sivas Basin, Turkey . Sedimentology , 62 ( 6 ): 1513 - 1545 , https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12195 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12195 .

Roser B P , Korsch R J . 1988 . Provenance signatures of sandstone-mudstone suites determined using discriminant function analysis of major-element data . Chemical Geology , 67 ( 1-2 ): 119 - 139 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90010-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90010-1 .

Roy P D , Caballero M , Lozano R et al . 2008 . Geochemistry of late quaternary sediments from Tecocomulco lake, central Mexico: implication to chemical weathering and provenance . Geochemistry , 68 ( 4 ): 383 - 393 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2008.04.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2008.04.001 .

Rudnick R L , Gao S , Ling W L et al . 2004 . Petrology and geochemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Hannuoba and Qixia, North China craton . Lithos , 77 ( 1-4 ): 609 - 637 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.033 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.033 .

Sanchez-Moya Y , Sopena A , Ramos A . 1996 . Infill architecture of a nonmarine half-graben Triassic basin (central Spain) . Journal of Sedimentary Research , 66 ( 6 ): 1122 - 1136 , https://doi.org/10.1306/D42684BE-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D https://doi.org/10.1306/D42684BE-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D .

Sawyer E W . 1986 . The influence of source rock type, chemical weathering and sorting on the geochemistry of clastic sediments from the Quetico metasedimentary belt, Superior Province, Canada . Chemical Geology , 55 ( 1-2 ): 77 - 95 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90129-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90129-4 .

Saydam Eker C . 2012 . Petrography and geochemistry of Eocene sandstones from eastern Pontides (NE Turkey): implications for source area weathering, provenance and tectonic setting . Geochemistry International , 50 ( 8 ): 683 - 701 , https://doi.org/10.1134/S001670291206002X https://doi.org/10.1134/S001670291206002X .

Saydam Eker Ç . 2017 . Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of stream and terrace sediments of the Harsit Stream, NE Turkey . Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis , 17 ( 4 ): 279 - 296 , https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2016-470 https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2016-470 .

Saydam Eker Ç , Arı U V . 2020 . Comparison of sandstone and mudstone with different methods for assessing toxic element contamination in the Early-Middle Jurassic sediments of Gümüşhane (NE Turkey) . Environmental Earth Sciences , 79 ( 19 ): 444 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09191-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09191-0 .

Saydam Eker C , Korkmaz S . 2011 . Mineralogy and whole rock geochemistry of late cretaceous sandstones from the eastern Pontides (NE Turkey) . Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen , 188 ( 3 ): 235 - 256 , https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2011/0202 https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2011/0202 .

Scarciglia F . 2015 . Weathering and exhumation history of the Sila massif upland plateaus, southern Italy: a geomorphological and pedological perspective . Journal of Soils and Sediments , 15 ( 6 ): 1278 - 1291 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0923-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0923-3 .

Sharma A , Sensarma S , Kumar K et al . 2013 . Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Mahi River sediments in tectonically active western India: implications for Deccan large igneous province source, weathering and mobility of elements in a semi-arid climate . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 104 : 63 - 83 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.004 .

Singh P . 2010 . Geochemistry and provenance of stream sediments of the Ganga River and its major tributaries in the Himalayan region, India . Chemical Geology , 269 ( 3-4 ): 220 - 236 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.020 .

Song H N , Zhang Y C , Han X B et al . 2021 . Provenance and climatic changes of the Natal Valley, Southeastern Africa since MIS12: the clay minerals records from Hole U1474, IODP361 . Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology , 41 ( 4 ): 142 - 156 , https://doi.org/10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.202104200. https://doi.org/10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.202104200. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Suttner L J , Dutta P K . 1986 . Alluvial sandstone composition and paleoclimate, 1. Framework mineralogy . Journal of Sedimentary Research , 56 ( 3 ): 329 - 345 , https://doi.org/10.1306/212f890e-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d https://doi.org/10.1306/212f890e-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d .

Taylor S R , McLennan S M . 1985 . The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution . Blackwell Scientific Pub., Oxford . p. 57 - 72 .

Taylor S R , McLennan S M . 1995 . The geochemical evolution of the continental crust . Reviews of Geophysics , 33 ( 2 ): 241 - 265 , https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00262 https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00262 .

Tosolini A M P , McLoughlin S , Drinnan A N . 1999 . Stratigraphy and fluvial sedimentary facies of the Neocomian lower Strzelecki Group, Gippsland Basin, Victoria . Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , 46 ( 6 ): 951 - 970 , https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.1999.00757.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.1999.00757.x .

Wanas H A , Assal E M . 2021 . Provenance, tectonic setting and source area-paleoweathering of sandstones of the Bahariya Formation in the Bahariya Oasis, Egypt: an implication to paleoclimate and paleogeography of the southern Neo-Tethys region during early Cenomanian . Sedimentary Geology , 413 : 105822 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105822 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105822 .

Wen X Y , Huang C M , Tang Y et al . 2014 . Rare earth elements: a potential proxy for identifying the lacustrine sediment source and soil erosion intensity in karst areas . Journal of Soils and Sediments , 14 ( 10 ): 1693 - 1702 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0928-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0928-y .

Wronkiewicz D J , Condie K C . 1987 . Geochemistry of Archean shales from the Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: source-area weathering and provenance . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 51 ( 9 ): 2401 - 2416 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90293-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90293-6 .

Wronkiewicz D J , Condie K C . 1989 . Geochemistry and provenance of sediments from the Pongola Supergroup, South Africa: evidence for a 3.0-Ga-old continental craton . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 53 ( 7 ): 1537 - 1549 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90236-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90236-6 .

Xie G L , Shen Y L , Liu S G et al . 2018 . Trace and rare earth element (REE) characteristics of mudstones from Eocene Pinghu Formation and Oligocene Huagang Formation in Xihu Sag, East China sea basin: implications for provenance, depositional conditions and paleoclimate . Marine and Petroleum Geology , 92 : 20 - 36 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.02.019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.02.019 .

Yaĝmurlu F , Helvaci C . 1994 . Sedimentological characteristics and facies of the evaporite-bearing Kirmir Formation (Neogene), Beypazari Basin, central Anatolia, Turkey . Sedimentology , 41 ( 5 ): 847 - 860 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01428.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01428.x .

Yan Y , Xia B , Lin G et al . 2007 . Geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks from the Nanxiong Basin, South China and implications for provenance, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate at the K/T boundary . Sedimentary Geology , 197 ( 1-2 ): 127 - 140 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.09.004 .

Yan Z , Wang Z Q , Yan Q R et al . 2012 . Geochemical constraints on the provenance and depositional setting of the Devonian Liuling Group, East Qinling mountains, central China: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt . Journal of Sedimentary Research , 82 ( 1 ): 9 - 20 , https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2012.4 https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2012.4 .

Yang S Y , Jung H S , Li C X . 2004a . Two unique weathering regimes in the Changjiang and Huanghe drainage basins: geochemical evidence from river sediments . Sedimentary Geology , 164 ( 1-2 ): 19 - 34 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.08.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.08.001 .

Yang S Y , Li C X , Yang D Y et al . 2004b . Chemical weathering of the loess deposits in the lower Changjiang Valley, China, and paleoclimatic implications . Quaternary International , 117 ( 1 ): 27 - 34 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00113-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00113-7 .

Yang Y , Zhou Z C , Bai Y Y et al . 2016 . Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the Fenghe River by the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model and multivariate statistical methods . Pedosphere , 26 ( 3 ): 326 - 334 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60046-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60046-7 .

Yu R L , Lin C Q , Yan Y et al . 2019 . Distribution and provenance implication of rare earth elements and Sr-Nd isotopes in surface sediments of Jiulong River, southeast China . Journal of Soils and Sediments , 19 ( 3 ): 1499 - 1510 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2135-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2135-8 .

Yu X , Ma X , Quing H . 2002 . Sedimentology and reservoir characteristics of a Middle Jurassic fluvial system, Datong Basin, northern China . Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology , 50 ( 1 ): 105 - 117 , https://doi.org/10.2113/50.1.105 https://doi.org/10.2113/50.1.105 .

Zhang G W , Guo A L , Dong Y P et al . 2019 . Rethinking of the Qinling Orogen . Journal of Geomechanics , 25 ( 5 ): 746 - 768 , https://doi.org/10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.064. https://doi.org/10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.064. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang H J , Pang Q , Hua Y W et al . 2020 . Linking ecological red lines and public perceptions of ecosystem services to manage the ecological environment: a case study in the Fenghe River watershed of Xi'an . Ecological Indicators , 113 : 106218 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106218 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106218 .

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Compositional characteristics of sediment from Jiaozhou Bay in North China and the implication to the provenance

Provenance of colorless and brown volcanic glass in late Pleistocene tephra layers in the Western Philippine Sea

Clay mineral compositions in the surface sediment of the Chanthaburi coast (northeastern Gulf of Thailand) and their implications on sediment provenance

含缺陷轮盘失效概率分析流程与数值模拟

水下超声速气流流场非定常特性研究