Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach <italic style="font-style: italic">Paramisgurnus dabryanus</italic>

Kwangjin JU; Myongsuk KIL; Sanghyok RI; Tongchol KIM; Juhyok KIM; Wei SHI; Lining ZHANG; Maocang YAN; Jiongming ZHANG; Guangxu LIU

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

Aquaculture and Fisheries | Updated：2024-10-12

- Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus
- Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus
- 海洋湖沼学报(英文) 2023年41卷第3期页码：1187-1196
- Affiliations：
  
  1.College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  2.College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan 999093, DPR Korea
  3.College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang 99903, DPR Korea
  4.Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
- Author bio：
  
  zjm-9630@163.com
  guangxu_liu@zju.edu.cn
- Funds：
  
  the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C02048);the Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou(2019ZX002-02);the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ21C190003);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671743);the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Plans(2020E10025);the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, SIO(MED2020004)
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2021-12-24，
  
  纸质出版：2023-05-01
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus[J]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2023,41(3):1187-1196.

JU Kwangjin,KIL Myongsuk,RI Sanghyok,et al.Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(03):1187-1196.
Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus[J]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2023,41(3):1187-1196. DOI：

JU Kwangjin,KIL Myongsuk,RI Sanghyok,et al.Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(03):1187-1196. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder (BVC) can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals

its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach

Paramisgurnus dabryanus

. The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1% and 2% BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach

and on t

he intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed. Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance (indicated by greater weight gain (1.13‍‍‍‍‍‍–‍‍1.14 times)

higher specific growth rate (1.04 times)

and lower feed conversion ratio (0.88‍‍‍–‍0.89 times)) compared to that of the control (

0.05). Histological examination revealed significant longer villus (3.22‍‍‍–‍5.54 times)

deeper crypt (1.77‍‍‍–‍1.87 times)

and thicker muscle (1.59‍‍‍–‍3.17 times) in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC (

0.05). Furthermore

we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species (

Aeromonas veronii

and

Escherichia coli

)

but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes (

Lactococus raffinolactis

and

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

). Therefore

dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora

by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.

关键词

Keywords

references

Avunje S , Patil P K , Ezaz W et al . 2021 . Effect of oxytetracycline on the biosafety, gut microbial diversity, immune gene expression and withdrawal peri od in Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei . Aquaculture , 543 : 736957 , https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.‍aquaculture.‍2021.736957 https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.‍aquaculture.‍2021.736957 . https://do 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736957

Bairagi A , Ghosh K S , Sen S K et al . 2002 . Enzyme producing bacterial flora isolated from fish digestive tracts . Aquaculture International , 10 ( 2 ): 109 - 121 , https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021355406412 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021355406412 .

Bokulich N A , Subramanian S , Faith J J et al . 2013 . Quality-filtering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing . Nature Methods , 10 ( 1 ): 57 - 59 , https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2276 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2276 .

Caporaso J G , Kuczynski J , Stombaugh J et al . 2010 . QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data . Nature Methods , 7 ( 5 ): 335 - 336 , https://doi.‍org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303 https://doi.‍org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303 . https://do 10.1038/nmeth.f.303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303

Deng J , Li Y F , Yang Q . 2013 . Effects of co-administration of Bacillus subtilis and porcine Lactobacillus salivarius on intestinal villus of piglets . Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica , 44 ( 2 ): 295 - 301 . (in Chinese with English abstract)

Edgar R C . 2004 . MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput . Nucleic Acids Research , 32 ( 5 ): 1792 - 1797 , https://doi.‍org/10.1093/nar/gkh340 https://doi.‍org/10.1093/nar/gkh340 . https://do 10.1093/nar/gkh340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340

Edgar R C . 2013 . UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads . Nature Methods , 10 ( 10 ): 996 - 998 , https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2604 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2604 .

Edgar R C , Haas B J , Clemente J C et al . 2011 . UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection . Bioinformatics , 27 ( 16 ): 2194 - 2200 , https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381 .

Elkins L L , Dolan M C . 2021 . Plant production and functional characterization of catfish interleukin-22 as a natural immune stimulant for aquaculture fish . Journal of Biotechnology , 325 : 233 - 240 , https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.017 https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.017 . https://do 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.017

Feder P I , Aume L L , Triplett C A et al . 2020 . Analysis of proportional data in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies: comparison of sensitivities of logit transformation, arcsine square root transformation, and nonparametric analysis . Birth Defects Research , 112 ( 16 ): 1260 - 1272 , https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1755 https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1755 .

Fishery Administration of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , National Fisheries Technology Extension Center , China Society of Fisheries . 2021 . China Fishery Statistical Yearbook 2021 . China Agriculture Press , Beijing . (in Chinese)

Gao Y , He J , He Z L et al . 2017 . Effects of fulvic acid on growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus (Sauvage) . Fish & Shellfish Immunology , 62 : 47 - 56 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.008 .

Haas B J , Gevers D , Earl A M et al . 2011 . Chimeric 16S rRNA sequence formation and detection in Sanger and 454-pyrosequenced PCR amplicons . Genome Research , 21 ( 3 ): 494 - 504 , https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.112730.110 https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.112730.110 .

Hagi T , Tanaka D , Iwamura Y et al . 2004 . Diversity and seasonal changes in lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract of cultured freshwater fish . Aquaculture , 234 ( 1-4 ): 335 - 346 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.01.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.01.018 .

He Q H , Ren P P , Kong X F et al . 2011 . Intrauterine growth restriction alters the metabonome of the serum and jejunum in piglets . Molecular Biosystems , 7 ( 7 ): 2147 - 2155 , https://doi.org/10.1039/c1mb05024a https://doi.org/10.1039/c1mb05024a .

Huo Y J , Liu Z X , Xuan H et al . 2016 . Effects of bamboo vinegar powder on growth performance and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-22, and interleukin-25 in immune organs of weaned piglets . Animal Nutrition , 2 ( 2 ): 111 - 118 , https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.aninu.2016.02.006 https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.aninu.2016.02.006 . https://do 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.02.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2016.02.006

Jacela J Y , DeRouchey J M , Tokach M D et al . 2009 . Feed additives for swine: fact sheets—acidifiers and antibiotics . Journal of Swine Health and Production , 17 ( 5 ): 270 - 275 , https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7071 https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7071 .

Jia Z C , Zhong Y T , Yan J M et al . 2015 . Safety assessment of dietary bamboo charcoal powder: a 90-day subchronic oral toxicity and mutagenicity studies . Food and Chemical Toxicology , 75 : 50 - 57 , https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.‍fct.2014.11.002 https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.‍fct.2014.11.002 . https://do 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.002

Ju K , Kil M , Ri S et al . 2022 . Dietary intake of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder (BVC) enhances resistance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus to bacterial pathogen . Journal of Oceanology and Limnology , 40 ( 1 ): 336 - 346 , https://doi.org/10.‍1007/s00343-021-0431-4 https://doi.org/10.‍1007/s00343-021-0431-4 .

Kelly D , Coutts A G P . 2000 . Development of digestive and immunological function in neonates: role of early nutrition . Livestock Production Science , 66 ( 2 ): 161 - 167 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00223-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00223-2 .

Lenhardt Ľ , Mozeš Š . 2003 . Morphological and functional changes of the small intestine in growth-stunted broilers . Acta Veterinaria Brno , 72 ( 3 ): 353 - 358 , https://doi.‍org/10.2754/avb200372030353 https://doi.‍org/10.2754/avb200372030353 . https://do 10.2754/avb200372030353 http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200372030353

Li C J , Ling Q F , Ge C et al . 2015 . Transcriptome characterization and SSR discovery in large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus (Cobitidae, Cypriniformes) . Gene , 557 ( 2 ): 201 - 208 , http://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.‍gene.2014.12.034 http://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.‍gene.2014.12.034 . https://do 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.034

Liu Y Q , Wang Z J . 2017 . A study on structural characteristics of intestinal tract of the air-breathing loach , Paramisgurnus dabryanus (Sauvage , 1878 ). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 49 ( 4 ): 1223 - 1230 , http://doi.‍org/10.17582/journal.‍pjz/2017.49.4.1223.1230 http://doi.‍org/10.17582/journal.‍pjz/2017.49.4.1223.1230 . https://do 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.4.1223.1230 http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.4.1223.1230

Loo A Y , Jain K , Darah I . 2007 . Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of the pyroligneous acid from a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata . Food Chemistry , 104 ( 1 ): 300 - 307 , https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.‍foodchem.‍2006.11.048 https://doi.‍org/10.‍1016/j.‍foodchem.‍2006.11.048 . https://do 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.048

Magoč T , Salzberg S L . 2011 . FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies . Bioinformatics , 27 ( 21 ): 2957 - 2963 , https://doi.‍org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507 https://doi.‍org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507 . https://do 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507

Marumoto S , Yamamoto S P , Nishimura H et al . 2012 . Identification of a germicidal compound against picornavirus in bamboo pyroligneous acid . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 60 ( 36 ): 9106 - 9111 , https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3021317 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3021317 .

Mekbungwan A , Yamauchi K , Sakaida T . 2004 . Intestinal villus histological alterations in piglets fed dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compound liquid . Anatomia Histologia Embryologia , 33 ( 1 ): 11 - 16 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00501.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00501.x .

Mekbungwan A , Yamauchi K , Sakaida T et al . 2008 . Effects of a charcoal powder-wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal . Animal , 2 ( 3 ): 366 - 374 , https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107001243 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107001243 .

Moroni F , Naya-Català F , Piazzon M C et al . 2021 . The Effects of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain used as probiotic on gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) growth, gut microbiota, and transcriptional response . Frontiers in Marine Science , 8 : 659519 , https://doi.‍org/10.3389/fmars.2021.659519 https://doi.‍org/10.3389/fmars.2021.659519 . https://do 10.3389/fmars.2021.659519 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.659519

Mu J , Uehara T , Furuno T . 2004 . Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radicle growth of seed plants II: composition of moso bamboo vinegar at different collection temperature and its effects . Journal of Wood Science , 50 ( 5 ): 470 - 476 , https://doi.‍org/10.‍1007/s10086-003-0586-y https://doi.‍org/10.‍1007/s10086-003-0586-y . https://do 10.1007/s10086-003-0586-y http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10086-003-0586-y

Ou H X , Wang G G , Li Z F et al . 2020 . Influence of different diets on intestinal histological morphologic structure of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides . Fisheries Science , 39 ( 6 ): 902 - 907 , https://doi.‍org/10.‍16378/j.‍cnki.1003-1111‍.200.06.015. https://doi.‍org/10.‍16378/j.‍cnki.1003-1111‍.200.06.015. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Pacheco-Ordaz R , Wall-Medrano A , Goñi M G et al . 2018 . Effect of phenolic compounds on the growth of selected probiotic and pathogenic bacteria . Letters in Applied Microbiology , 66 ( 1 ): 25 - 31 , https://doi.‍org/10.1111/lam.12814 https://doi.‍org/10.1111/lam.12814 . https://do 10.1111/lam.12814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lam.12814

Quast C , Pruesse E , Yilmaz P et al . 2013 . The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools . Nucleic Acids Research , 41 ( D1 ): D590 - D596 , https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1219 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1219 .

Rattanawut J , Pimpa O , Venkatachalam K et al . 2021 . Effects of bamboo charcoal powder, bamboo vinegar, and their combination in laying hens on performance, egg quality, relative organ weights, and intestinal bacterial populations . Tropical Animal Health and Production , 53 ( 1 ): 83 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02527-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02527-9 .

Rattanawut J , Pimpa O , Yamauchi K E . 2018 . Effects of dietary bamboo vinegar supplementation on performance, eggshell quality, ileal microflora composition, and intestinal villus morphology of laying hens in the late phase of production . Animal Science Journal , 89 ( 11 ): 1572 - 1580 , https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13080 https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13080 .

Rattanawut J , Todsadee A , Yamauchi K E . 2017 . Effects of bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar supplementation on performance, eggshell quality, alterations of intestinal villi and intestinal pathogenic bacteria populations of aged laying hens . Italian Journal of Animal Science , 16 ( 2 ): 259 - 265 , https://doi.‍org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1283544 https://doi.‍org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1283544 . https://do 10.1080/1828051X.2017.1283544 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1283544

Rattanawut J , Trairabeap D , Karrila S J et al . 2019 . Production performance, egg quality, and fecal bacterial population of laying ducks fed ration supplemented by bamboo vinegar . Tropical Animal Science Journal , 42 ( 3 ): 224 - 229 , https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.3.224 https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.3.224 .

Rong J H , Han Y , Zha S J et al . 2020 . Triterpene-enriched olive extract as an immunopotentiator in black sea bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii ) . Journal of Ocean University of China , 19 ( 2 ): 428 - 438 , https://doi.‍org/10.1007/s11802-020-4232-8 https://doi.‍org/10.1007/s11802-020-4232-8 . https://do 10.1007/s11802-020-4232-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11802-020-4232-8

Samanya M , Yamauchi K E . 2002 . Morphological demonstration of the stimulative effects of charcoal powder including wood vinegar compound solution on growth performance and intestinal villus histology in chickens . The Journal of Poultry Science , 39 ( 1 ): 42 - 55 , https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.39.42 https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.39.42 .

Sang H M , Fotedar R . 2010 . Effects of mannan oligosaccharide dietary supplementation on performances of the tropical spiny lobsters juvenile ( Panulirus ornatus , Fabricius 1798 ). Fish & Shellfish Immunology , 28 ( 3 ): 483 - 489 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.12.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.12.011 .

Schmidt H P , Hagemann N , Draper K et al . 2019 . The use of biochar in animal feeding . PeerJ , 7 : e7373 , https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7373 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7373 .

Singh S , Arthur S , Talukder J et al . 2015 . Mast cell regulation of Na-glutamine co-transporters B0AT1 in villus and SN2 in crypt cells during chronic intestinal inflammation . BMC Gastroenterology , 15 : 47 , https://doi.‍org/10.1186/s12876-015-0275-5 https://doi.‍org/10.1186/s12876-015-0275-5 . https://do 10.1186/s12876-015-0275-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12876-015-0275-5

Suresh G , Pakdel H , Rouissi T et al . 2020 . Evaluation of pyroligneous acid as a therapeutic agent against Salmonella in a simulated gastrointestinal tract of poultry . Brazilian Journal of Microbiology , 51 ( 3 ): 1309 - 1316 , https://doi.org/10.‍1007/s42770-020-00294-1 https://doi.org/10.‍1007/s42770-020-00294-1 .

Thu M , Koshio S , Ishikawa M et al . 2010 . Effects of supplementation of dietary bamboo charcoal on growth performance and body composition of juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 41 ( s2 ): 255 - 262 , https://doi.‍org/10.1111/j.‍1749-7345.2010.00365.x https://doi.‍org/10.1111/j.‍1749-7345.2010.00365.x . https://do 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00365.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00365.x

Wang H F , Wang J L , Wang C et al . 2012 . Effect of bamboo vinegar as an antibiotic alternative on growth performance and fecal bacterial communities of weaned piglets . Livestock Science , 144 ( 1-2 ): 173 - 180 , https://‍doi.‍org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.11.015 https://‍doi.‍org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.11.015 . https://do 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.11.015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.11.015

Wang R J , Guo Z W , Cai C J et al . 2021 . Practices and roles of bamboo industry development for alleviating poverty in China . Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy , 23 ( 6 ): 1687 - 1699 , https://doi.‍org/10.1007/s10098-021-02074-3 https://doi.‍org/10.1007/s10098-021-02074-3 . https://do 10.1007/s10098-021-02074-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02074-3

Watarai S , Tana . 2005 . Eliminating the carriage of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in domestic fowls by feeding activated charcoal from bark containing wood vinegar liquid (Nekka-rich) . Poultry Science , 84 ( 4 ): 515 - 521 , https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.4.515 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.4.515 .

Wu L M , Xu Y F , Lv X X et al . 2021 . Impacts of an azo food dye tartrazine uptake on intestinal barrier, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and intestinal microbiome in crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ) . Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , 223 : 112551 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112551 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112551 .

Yang Q H , Tan B P , Dong X H et al . 2015 . Effects of different levels of Yucca schidigera extract on the growth and nonspecific immunity of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) and on culture water quality . Aquaculture , 439 : 39 - 44 , https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.029 https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.029 . https://do 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.029

Yang S , Du J , Duan Y L et al . 2018 . Differences in the digestive enzyme activity, intestinal mucosa and microbial community in loach cultivated in two separate environments . BMC Microbiology , 18 : 113 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1237-1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1237-1 .

Yeoh Y K , Zuo T , Lui G C Y et al . 2021 . Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19 . Gut , 70 ( 4 ): 698 - 706 , http://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020 http://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020 .

Yu L H , Peng Z , Dong L et al . 2018 . Bamboo vinegar powder supplementation improves the antioxidant ability of the liver in finishing pigs . Livestock Science , 211 : 80 - 86 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.004 .

Zhang H P , Chen M Y , Xu Y X et al . 2020 . An effective live attenuated vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in the loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ) . Fish & Shellfish Immunology , 104 : 269 - 278 , https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.027 https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.027 . https://do 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.027

Zhao R S , Yuan J P , Jiang T et al . 2008 . Application of bamboo charcoal as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of atrazine and simazine in environmental water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector . Talanta , 76 ( 4 ): 956 - 959 , https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.029 https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.029 . https://do 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.029

Zhou W S , Han Y , Tang Y et al . 2020 . Microplastics aggravate the bioaccumulation of two waterborne veterinary antibiotics in an edible bivalve species: potential mechanisms and implications for human health . Environmental Science & Technology , 54 ( 13 ): 8115 - 8122 , https://doi.org/10.‍1021/acs.est.0c01575 https://doi.org/10.‍1021/acs.est.0c01575 .

Zhou W S , Tang Y , Du X Y et al . 2021 . Fine polystyrene microplastics render immune responses more vulnerable to two veterinary antibiotics in a bivalve species . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 164 : 111995 , https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.‍111995 https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.‍111995 . https://do 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111995

Zhu H J , Qiang J , He J et al . 2021 . Physiological parameters and gut microbiome associated with different dietary lipid levels in hybrid yellow catfish ( Tachysurus fulvidraco ♀× Pseudobagrus vachellii ♂) . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D : Genomics and Proteomics , 37 : 100777 , https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.‍cbd.2020.100777 https://doi.‍org/10.1016/j.‍cbd.2020.100777 . https://do 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100777 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100777

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and serum nonspecific immunity of the red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus×Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets supplemented with ultrafine powder of Enteromopha prolifera

Dietary effects of Azolla pinnata combined with exogenous digestive enzyme (Digestin^TM) on growth and nutrients utilization of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879)

Metyrapone supplementation mitigates cortisol-mediated growth inhibition and sex bias in high-density cultured Japanese eels Anguilla japonica

Transcriptome analysis of genes and pathways associated with growth performance in eyestalks of Exopalaemon carinicauda under different light intensities

V形前缘对激波入射边界层流动影响的数值模拟与分析

Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

DOI：

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references