Metabolic profiling of sea cucumber <italic style="font-style: italic">Apostichopus</italic> <italic style="font-style: italic">japonicus</italic>: insights into echinoderm metamorphosis

Ye ZHAO; Lijie ZHANG; Xi XIE; Xiuming XU; Hui LIU; Xiutang YUAN; Hao SUN; Yanying ZHANG

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Metabolic profiling of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: insights into echinoderm metamorphosis

Updated：2026-04-22

- Metabolic profiling of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: insights into echinoderm metamorphosis
- Metabolic profiling of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: insights into echinoderm metamorphosis
- 海洋湖沼学报(英文) 2026年页码：1-19
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
  2.Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China
  3.Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Author bio：
  
  zyzy19872006@163.com
  zhyanying@ytu.edu.cn
- Funds：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41906098);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2106208);the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024MD008)
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-06-03，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-22，
- Accepted：
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Ye ZHAO, Lijie ZHANG, Xi XIE, 等. Metabolic profiling of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: insights into echinoderm metamorphosis[J/OL]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2026,1-19.

ZHAO Ye,ZHANG Lijie,XIE Xi,et al.Metabolic profiling of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: insights into echinoderm metamorphosis[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,
Ye ZHAO, Lijie ZHANG, Xi XIE, 等. Metabolic profiling of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: insights into echinoderm metamorphosis[J/OL]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2026,1-19. DOI：

ZHAO Ye,ZHANG Lijie,XIE Xi,et al.Metabolic profiling of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: insights into echinoderm metamorphosis[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, DOI：.

摘要

Abstract

The metamorphosis of marine invertebrates from pelagic larvae to benthic juveniles is a critical life event characterized by complex morphological alternations and physiological adjustments. The metamorphic transition of the sea cucumber

Apostichopus

japonicus

from an auricularia to a juvenile larva significantly influences individual survival and population dynamics

with vital implications for aquaculture and restoration ecology. However

the underlying mechanisms that regulate larval attachment and metamorphosis in echinoderms remain poorly understood. We analyzed the comprehensive metabolic profiles of

japonicus

across the whole metamorphosis process

including early auricularia stage (A)

doliolaria stage (D)

one-month juveniles (J1)

and four-month juveniles (J4)

using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS); and identified 2 507 metabolites

of which 880

747

1 416

and 1 359 differentially metabolites (DMs) were further examined in comparisons of A versus D

D versus J1

D versus J4

and J1 versus J4. Elevated levels of

key metabolites (long-chain fatty acids

phospholipids

eicosanoids and free amino acids) in the D stage showed their essential roles in endogenous energy supply

membrane construction

and metabolic regulation

whereas co-occurring vitamins and pro-apoptotic substances presented roles in cellular protection and homeostasis during metamorphosis. Furthermore

we found two significantly-enriched core KEGG pathways (cysteine and methionine metabolism

purine metabolism). Although the specific roles of these metabolites and pathways in the sea cucumber development are not yet completely known

they provide new metabolic insights into the regulatory mechanisms of echinoderm metamorphosis.

关键词

Keywords

references

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