Deep-sea adaptation of sea cucumber <italic style="font-style: italic">Psychropotes</italic> sp.: new insights based on mitochondrial genomes

Boqiong WU; Chao ZHANG; Ruiyan ZHANG; Qiang LIN; Yanhong ZHANG

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Deep-sea adaptation of sea cucumber Psychropotes sp.: new insights based on mitochondrial genomes

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- Deep-sea adaptation of sea cucumber Psychropotes sp.: new insights based on mitochondrial genomes
- Deep-sea adaptation of sea cucumber Psychropotes sp.: new insights based on mitochondrial genomes
- 海洋湖沼学报(英文) 2026年页码：1-15
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  3.State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
  4.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Author bio：
  
  linqiang@scsio.ac.cn
  zhangyanhong@scsio.ac.cn
- Funds：
  
  the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2811501);the Development Fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(SCSIO202202);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176120);the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012304);the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology(2023B1212060047);the UN Ocean Decade Programme Digital DEPTH
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-09-17，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-17，
- Accepted：
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Boqiong WU, Chao ZHANG, Ruiyan ZHANG, 等. Deep-sea adaptation of sea cucumber Psychropotes sp.: new insights based on mitochondrial genomes[J/OL]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2026,1-15.

WU Boqiong,ZHANG Chao,ZHANG Ruiyan,et al.Deep-sea adaptation of sea cucumber Psychropotes sp.: new insights based on mitochondrial genomes[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,
Boqiong WU, Chao ZHANG, Ruiyan ZHANG, 等. Deep-sea adaptation of sea cucumber Psychropotes sp.: new insights based on mitochondrial genomes[J/OL]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2026,1-15. DOI：

WU Boqiong,ZHANG Chao,ZHANG Ruiyan,et al.Deep-sea adaptation of sea cucumber Psychropotes sp.: new insights based on mitochondrial genomes[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, DOI：.

摘要

Abstract

The deep-sea environment drives unique genomic adaptations in marine organisms

but comprehensive studies in holothurians are limited. We present the first complete mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea sea cucumber

Psychropotes

sp. (17 128 bp)

containing the typical 37 metazoan genes: 13 protein-coding genes

two ribosomal RNAs

and 22 transfer RNAs. Comparative mitogenomic analysis revealed two notable structural innovations: the presence of three putative control regions and extensive tRNA gene rearrangements. Similar architectures were identified in the congeneric genus

Benthodytes

suggesting a possible phylogenetic trend within this family. These structural features may reflect mechanistic adaptations to deep-sea conditions. Additionally

positive selection signals were detected in three respiratory complex genes:

ND2

(231 P)

ND3

(87 S)

and

ND4

(352 G)

indicating adaptive evolution in key energy metabolism pathways. A negative correlation was observed between mitochondrial guanine-cytosine content (GC content) and depth

which was potentially resulted from deep-sea physiological constraints. This study provides the first mitogenomic characterization of

Psychropotes

sp. with novel insights into the structural evolution and adaptive mechanisms of mitochondrial genomes in deep-sea holothur

ians

and established a foundation for further research on metazoan evolution in deep-sea ecosystems.

关键词

Keywords

references

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