Hydrology and sediment supply in the largest lake system of Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: insights from surface-sediment grain size

Hongyu LI; Haicheng WEI; Aiying CHENG; Chunliang GAO; Chenyu WANG; Ronglei DUAN; Shun WANG; Hongpan XUE

doi:null

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Hydrology and sediment supply in the largest lake system of Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: insights from surface-sediment grain size

Updated：2026-04-09

- Hydrology and sediment supply in the largest lake system of Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: insights from surface-sediment grain size
- Hydrology and sediment supply in the largest lake system of Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: insights from surface-sediment grain size
- 海洋湖沼学报(英文) 2026年页码：1-18
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
  2.Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
  3.University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Author bio：
  
  hcwei@isl.ac.cn
- Funds：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172019);the Outstanding Youth Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2023-ZJ-941J);the Youth Interdisciplinarity Team of Fundamental Research, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences(islJCTD-2022-1)
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-07-10，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-09，
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Hongyu LI, Haicheng WEI, Aiying CHENG, 等. Hydrology and sediment supply in the largest lake system of Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: insights from surface-sediment grain size[J/OL]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2026,1-18.

LI Hongyu,WEI Haicheng,CHENG Aiying,et al.Hydrology and sediment supply in the largest lake system of Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: insights from surface-sediment grain size[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,
Hongyu LI, Haicheng WEI, Aiying CHENG, 等. Hydrology and sediment supply in the largest lake system of Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: insights from surface-sediment grain size[J/OL]. 海洋湖沼学报(英文), 2026,1-18. DOI：

LI Hongyu,WEI Haicheng,CHENG Aiying,et al.Hydrology and sediment supply in the largest lake system of Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: insights from surface-sediment grain size[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, DOI：.

摘要

Abstract

Climate warming and increased precipitation across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) have caused lake expansion

posing a threat to the safety of local infrastructure and ecosystems. Grain size in lake sediments is a reliable proxy for elucidating hydrological variations in these lakes. However

diverse sources of clastic fractions in lake sediments complicate the interpretation of hydrological changes based on grain-size records. We analyzed 94 surface-sediment samples from Hurleg and Toson lakes

the largest lake system of the Qaidam Basin

northeastern QXP

and explored the grain-size spatial distribution and its hydrological significance. Results demonstrate that fine silt (4–16 μm) is predominant in both lakes

followed by medium to coarse silt (16–63 μm)

and clay (<4 μm)

while sand (>63 μm) fraction was the least abundant. Using the end-member analysis (EMA)

we identified three end-members in Hurleg Lake (HEM1–HEM3) and four in Toson Lake (TEM1–TEM4). In Hurleg Lake

HEM1 and HEM2 mainly come from fluvial deposits from the Bayin River. HEM3 mainly comes from surface runoff and shoreline erosion. In Toson Lake

TEM1 represents typical lacustrine sediments

and TEM2 represents fine-grained terrestrial residual and gully input components. TEM3 originates mainly from aeolian transport and terrestrial residual. TEM4 is a dominant component of the subaqueous alluvial fan. Single-specimen unmixing suggested a differentiation between aeolian inputs and hydrodynamically sensitive components. Fine silt components (mode size 4.0–14.5 μm) are likely related to lake-level variations

whereas coarser silt components (mode size 18.7–51.8 μm) indicate regional dust activity. Notably

in Toson Lake

the fluvial sand components (mode size 66.9–111.5 μm) that were likely derived from western gully runoff

may represent a potential indicator of extreme hydrological events in the Qaidam Basin. These findings provide robust constraints on modern sedimentary processes for reconstructing the history of hydroclimatic changes using grain-size records in the northeastern QXP.

关键词

Keywords

references

Aitchison J . 1986 . The Statistical Analysis of Compositional Data . Chapman and Hall, London . 400 p. https://do 10.1007/978-94-009-4109-0_11 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4109-0_11

An F Y , Ma H Z , Wei H C et al . 2012 . Distinguishing aeolian signature from lacustrine sediments of the Qaidam Basin in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its palaeoclimatic implications . Aeolian Research , 4 : 17 - 30 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.12.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.12.004 .

Ashley G M . 1978 . Interpretation of polymodal sediments . The Journal of Geology , 86 ( 4 ): 411 - 421 , https://doi.org/10.1086/649710 https://doi.org/10.1086/649710 .

Cao G C , Ma H Z , Long H et al . 2008 . Particle size characteristics of deposits from DG03 core of Gahai Lake in east of Qaidam Basin and their environmental significance . Journal of Desert Research , 28 ( 6 ): 1073 - 1077 . (in Chinese with English abstract)

Chen B S , Pan A D , Zhang Y F . 2010 . Grain-size characteristics and their environmental significance of Gahai Lake sediments in Qaidam Basin . Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology , 30 ( 2 ): 111 - 119 , https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1140.2010.02111. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1140.2010.02111. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Chen F H , Huang X Z , Zhang J W et al . 2006 . Humid Little Ice Age in arid Central Asia documented by Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 49 ( 12 ): 1280 - 1290 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-006-2027-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-006-2027-4 .

Chen F H , Qiang M R , Zhou A F et al . 2013 . A 2000-year dust storm record from Lake Sugan in the dust source area of arid China . Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , 118 ( 5 ): 2149 - 2160 , https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50140 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50140 .

Chen K Z , Bowler J M . 1986 . Late Pleistocene evolution of salt lakes in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, China . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 54 ( 1-4 ): 87 - 104 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(86)90119-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(86)90119-7 .

Dietze E , Maussion F , Ahlborn M et al . 2014 . Sediment transport processes across the Tibetan Plateau inferred from robust grain-size end members in lake sediments . Climate of the Past , 10 ( 1 ): 91 - 106 , https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-91-2014 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-91-2014 .

Ding Z Y , Zhang J W , Yang P P et al . 2020 . Comparison of sediment proxies of cores and their environmental significance at different locations of Lake Toson in Qaidam Basin . Journal of Lake Sciences , 32 ( 1 ): 259 - 270 , https://doi.org/10.18307/2020.0124. https://doi.org/10.18307/2020.0124. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Dong J B , An Z S , Lu F Y . 2010 . Quantitively partition of eolian and hydromorphic components in lacustrine sediments: an example from Lake Qinghai . Journal of Geomechanics , 16 ( 4 ): 402 - 411 , https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2010.04.008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2010.04.008. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Dong Z B , Hu G Y , Qian G Q et al . 2017 . High-altitude aeolian research on the Tibetan Plateau . Reviews of Geophysics , 55 ( 4 ): 864 - 901 , https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000585 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000585 .

Du S S , Wu Y Q , Tan L H . 2018 . Geochemical evidence for the provenance of aeolian deposits in the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau . Aeolian Research , 32 : 60 - 70 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2018.01.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2018.01.005 .

Fan Q S , Ma H Z , Wei H C et al . 2014 . Holocene lake-level changes of Hurleg Lake on northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and possible forcing mechanism . The Holocene , 24 ( 3 ): 274 - 283 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683613517399 https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683613517399 .

Feng S , Tang M C , Wang D M . 1998 . New evidence of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau as a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China . Chinese Science Bulletin , 43 ( 6 ): 633 - 636 , https://doi.org/10.1360/csb1998-43-6-633 https://doi.org/10.1360/csb1998-43-6-633 . (in Chinese)

Folk R L , Ward W C . 1957 . Brazos River Bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters . Journal of Sedimentary Research , 27 ( 1 ): 3 - 26 , https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D .

Fu X , Zhang J W , Wang L et al . 2016 . Recent human impacts on sedimentary record: a case from Lake Toson . Quaternary Sciences , 36 ( 6 ): 1456 - 1465 , https://doi.org/10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2016.06.11. https://doi.org/10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2016.06.11. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Hou X Y . 2019 . 1:1 million vegetation map of China . National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center .

Huang L X , Chen J , Yang K et al . 2023 . The northern boundary of the Asian summer monsoon and division of westerlies and monsoon regimes over the Tibetan Plateau in present-day . Science China Earth Sciences , 66 ( 4 ): 882 - 893 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1086-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1086-1 .

Huyan Y Y , Yao W S . 2022 . Geochemical comparisons of weathering, provenance and tectonics in the fluvial sediments from Yarlung Zangbo to Brahmaputra River. CATENA , 210 : 105944 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105944 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105944 .

Immerzeel W W , van Beek L P H , Bierkens M F P . 2010 . Climate change will affect the Asian water towers . Science , 328 ( 5984 ): 1382 - 1385 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188 .

Jalil A , Li Y P , Zhang K et al . 2019 . Wind-induced hydrodynamic changes impact on sediment resuspension for large, shallow Lake Taihu, China . International Journal of Sediment Research , 34 ( 3 ): 205 - 215 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.003 .

Jiang Y Z , Tang W J , Yang K et al . 2025 . Development of a high-resolution near-surface meteorological forcing dataset for the Third Pole region . Science China Earth Sciences , 68 ( 4 ): 1274 - 1290 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-024-1507-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-024-1507-6 .

Jiang Y Z , Yang K , Qi Y C et al . 2023 . TPHiPr: a long-term (1979-2020) high-accuracy precipitation dataset (1∕30°, daily) for the Third Pole region based on high-resolution atmospheric modeling and dense observations . Earth System Science Data , 15 ( 2 ): 621 - 638 , https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-621-2023 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-621-2023 .

Kasper T , Haberzettl T , Doberschütz S et al . 2012 . Indian Ocean Summer Monsoon (IOSM)-dynamics within the past 4 ka recorded in the sediments of Lake Nam Co, central Tibetan Plateau (China) . Quaternary Science Reviews , 39 : 73 - 85 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.011 .

Krumbein W C , Pettijohn F J . 1938 . Manual of Sedimentary Petrography . D. Appleton-Century Company, New York .

Li D Y , Xu Y H , Wang A J et al . 2015 . Analysis of surface sediment grain size characteristics and modern sedimentary process in Fujian Anhai Gulf . Acta Sedimentologica Sinica , 33 ( 4 ): 724 - 734 , https://doi.org/10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.04.011. https://doi.org/10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.04.011. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Li G Q , Wang X Y , Zhang X J et al . 2022 . Westerlies-Monsoon interaction drives out-of-phase precipitation and asynchronous lake level changes between Central and East Asia over the last millennium. CATENA , 218 : 106568 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106568 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106568 .

Li H Y , Wei H C , Wang C Y et al . 2025 . Pollen sedimentary dynamics and hydroclimatic implications in the largest lake system in Qaidam Basin, Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Palaeogeography , Palaeoclimatology , Palaeoecology , 675 : 113115 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113115 .

Li W Q , Qian H , Xu P P et al . 2023 . Aeolian-fluvial interactions in the Yellow River Basin, China: insights from sedimentary characteristics and provenance of the sedimentary sequences. Journal of Hydrology , 624 : 129903 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129903 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129903 .

Li X Z , Zhou X , Liu W G et al . 2016 . Carbon and oxygen isotopic records from Lake Tuosu over the last 120 years in the Qaidam Basin, Northwestern China: the implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction . Global and Planetary Change , 141 : 54 - 62 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.04.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.04.006 .

Ling Y , Dai X Q , Zheng M P et al . 2018 . High-resolution geochemical record for the last 1100 yr from Lake Toson, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and its climatic implications . Quaternary International , 487 : 61 - 70 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.03.067 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.03.067 .

Liu D W , Bertrand S , Villaseñor T et al . 2020 . Provenance of northwestern Patagonian river sediments (44-48°S): a critical evaluation of mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic tracers. Sedimentary Geology , 408 : 105744 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105744 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105744 .

Liu X X , Vandenberghe J , An Z S et al . 2016 . Grain size of Lake Qinghai sediments: implications for riverine input and Holocene monsoon variability . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 449 : 41 - 51 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.005 .

Liu Y M , Liu X X , Sun Y B . 2021 . QGrain: an open-source and easy-to-use software for the comprehensive analysis of grain size distributions. Sedimentary Geology , 423 : 105980 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2021.105980 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2021.105980 .

Liu Z N , Wang W , Niu Z M et al . 2024 . A quantitative method to infer lake area changes based on an extensive survey of lake surface sediment grain size across the Inner Mongolia Plateau, and its application to understanding the evolution of Lake Wulanhushao in northern China since 18.59 cal. kyr BP. Palaeogeography , Palaeoclimatology , Palaeoecology , 641 : 112114 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112114 .

Lu H Y , An Z S . 1998 . Paleoclimatic significance of grain size of loess-palaeosol deposit in Chinese Loess Plateau . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 41 ( 6 ): 626 - 631 , https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02878745 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02878745 .

Ma S M , Gan F P , Wu H C et al . 2022 . ICESat-2 data-based monitoring of 2018 - 2021 variations in the water levels of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources , 34 ( 3 ): 164 - 172 , https://doi.org/10.6046/zrzyyg.2021329. https://doi.org/10.6046/zrzyyg.2021329. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Madsen D B , Lai Z P , Sun Y J et al . 2014 . Late Quaternary Qaidam lake histories and implications for an MIS 3 "Greatest Lakes" period in northwest China . Journal of Paleolimnology , 51 ( 2 ): 161 - 177 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-012-9662-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-012-9662-x .

Martín-Fernández J A , Barceló-Vidal C , Pawlowsky-Glahn V . 2003 . Dealing with zeros and missing values in compositional data sets using nonparametric imputation . Mathematical Geology , 35 ( 3 ): 253 - 278 , https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023866030544 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023866030544 .

McLennan S M . 1989 . Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sedimentary processes . Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry , 21 ( 1 ): 169 - 200 .

McManus J . 1988 . Grain size determination and interpretation . In: Tucker M ed. Techniques in Sedimentology . Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. p. 63 - 85 .

Middleton G V . 1976 . Hydraulic interpretation of sand size distributions . The Journal of Geology , 84 ( 4 ): 405 - 426 , https://doi.org/10.1086/628208 https://doi.org/10.1086/628208 .

Ming G D , Zhou W J , Wang H et al . 2021 . Grain size variation in two lakes from margin of Asian Summer Monsoon and its paleoclimate implications. Palaeogeography , Palaeoclimatology , Palaeoecology , 567 : 110295 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110295 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110295 .

Mulitza S , Prange M , Stuut J B et al . 2008 . Sahel megadroughts triggered by glacial slowdowns of Atlantic meridional overturning . Paleoceanography , 23 ( 4 ): PA 4206 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001637 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001637 .

Ohta T , Arai H , Noda A . 2011 . Identification of the unchanging reference component of compositional data from the properties of the coefficient of variation . Mathematical Geosciences , 43 ( 4 ): 421 - 434 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-011-9332-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-011-9332-y .

Opitz S , Ramisch A , Ijmker J et al . 2016 . Spatio-temporal pattern of detrital clay-mineral supply to a lake system on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, and its relationship to late Quaternary paleoenvironmental changes . CATENA , 137 : 203 - 218 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.09.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.09.003 .

Opluštil S , Martínek K , Tasáryová Z . 2005 . Facies and architectural analysis of fluvial deposits of the Nýřany Member and the Týnec Formation (Westphalian D-Barruelian) in the Kladno-Rakovník and Pilsen basins . Bulletin of Geosciences , 80 ( 1 ): 45 - 66 . https://do 10.3140/bull.geosci.2005.01.045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.2005.01.045

OriginLab Corporation . 2020 . Origin 2021. Northampton, MA, USA: OriginLab . https://www.originlab.com/ https://www.originlab.com/ .

Pang H L , Gao H S , Eduardo G et al . 2023 . Fluvial-aeolian interactions in northern China (Upper Yellow River): implications for provenance and paleoenvironmental interpretations. CATENA , 231 : 107257 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107257 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107257 .

Paterson G A , Heslop D . 2015 . New methods for unmixing sediment grain size data . Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , 16 ( 12 ): 4494 - 4506 , https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC006070 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC006070 .

Pekel J F , Cottam A , Gorelick N et al . 2016 . High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes . Nature , 540 ( 7633 ): 418 - 422 , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20584 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20584 .

Peng D D , Zhou T J , Zhang L X et al . 2018 . Human contribution to the increasing summer precipitation in Central Asia from 1961 to 2013 . Journal of Climate , 31 ( 19 ): 8005 - 8021 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0843.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0843.1 .

Poizot E , Méar Y . 2010 . Using a GIS to enhance grain size trend analysis . Environmental Modelling & Software , 25 ( 4 ): 513 - 525 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.10.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.10.002 .

Pye K . 1987 . Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits . Academic Press , London . https://do 10.1016/b978-0-12-568690-7.50003-x http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-568690-7.50003-x

QGIS Development Team . 2016 . QGIS Geographic Information System . Open Source Geospatial Foundation . http://qgis.org http://qgis.org .

Qiang M R , Chen F H , Zhang J W et al . 2007 . Grain size in sediments from Lake Sugan: a possible linkage to dust storm events at the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau . Environmental Geology , 51 ( 7 ): 1229 - 1238 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0416-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0416-9 .

Qin D H , Ding Y H , Su J L et al . 2005 . Assessment of climate and environment changes in China (Ⅰ): climate and environment changes in China and their projection . Advances in Climate Change Research , 1 ( 1 ): 4 - 9 , https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2005.01.002. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2005.01.002. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Qiu J . 2008 . China: the third pole . Nature , 454 ( 7203 ): 393 - 396 , https://doi.org/10.1038/454393a https://doi.org/10.1038/454393a .

R Core Team . 2023 . R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing . R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria . https://www.R-project.org/ https://www.R-project.org/ .

Shao C K , Yang K , Tang W J et al . 2022 . Convolutional neural network-based homogenization for constructing a long-term global surface solar radiation dataset. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 169 : 112952 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112952 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112952 .

Song G , Wang H L , Shi L F . 2020 . Climate evolution since 9.32 Cal Ka BP in Keluke Lake, northeastern Qaidam Basin, China. Journal of Arid Environments , 178 : 104149 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104149 .

Stauch G , Lai Z P , Lehmkuhl F et al . 2018 . Environmental changes during the late Pleistocene and the Holocene in the Gonghe Basin, North-Eastern Tibetan Plateau . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 509 : 144 - 155 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.032 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.032 .

Stuut J B W , Temmesfeld F , De Deckker P . 2014 . A 550 ka record of aeolian activity near North West Cape, Australia: inferences from grain-size distributions and bulk chemistry of SE Indian Ocean deep-sea sediments . Quaternary Science Reviews , 83 : 83 - 94 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.11.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.11.003 .

Sun D H , Bloemendal J , Rea D K et al . 2002 . Grain-size distribution function of polymodal sediments in hydraulic and aeolian environments, and numerical partitioning of the sedimentary components . Sedimentary Geology , 152 ( 3-4 ): 263 - 277 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00082-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00082-9 .

Tang C Y , Li Y P , He C et al . 2020 . Dynamic behavior of sediment resuspension and nutrients release in the shallow and wind-exposed Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu. Science of the Total Environment , 708 : 135131 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135131 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135131 .

Taylor S R , McLennan S M . 1985 . The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution . Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford .

The MathWorks Inc . 2019 . MATLAB version 9.7.0 (R2019b) . Natick, Massachusetts : The MathWorks Inc. https://www.mathworks.com/support/requirements/previous-releases.html https://www.mathworks.com/support/requirements/previous-releases.html .

Tsoar H , Pye K . 1987 . Dust transport and the question of desert loess formation . Sedimentology , 34 ( 1 ): 139 - 153 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1987.tb00566.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1987.tb00566.x .

Udden J A . 1914 . Mechanical composition of clastic sediments . Geological Society of America Bulletin , 25 ( 1 ): 655 - 744 , https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-25-655 https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-25-655 .

Vasskog K , Kvisvik B C , Paasche Ø . 2016 . Effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment on measurements of lake sediment grain-size distribution . Journal of Paleolimnology , 56 ( 4 ): 365 - 381 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-016-9924-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-016-9924-0 .

Walker R G , James N P . 1992 . Facies Models: Response to Sea Level Change. Geological Association of Canada, St . John's .

Walling D E , Moorehead P W . 1989 . The particle size characteristics of fluvial suspended sediment: an overview . Hydrobiologia , 176 ( 1 ): 125 - 149 , https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026549 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026549 .

Wan W , Xiao P F , Feng X Z et al . 2014 . Monitoring lake changes of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over the past 30 years using satellite remote sensing data . Chinese Science Bulletin , 59 ( 10 ): 1021 - 1035 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0128-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0128-6 .

Wang C , Wang H L , Song G et al . 2019 . Grain size of surface sediments in Selin Co (Central Tibet) linked to water depth and offshore distance . Journal of Paleolimnology , 61 ( 2 ): 217 - 229 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-018-0054-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-018-0054-8 .

Wang J Z , Wu J L , Zhan S E et al . 2021 . Records of hydrological change and environmental disasters in sediments from deep Lake Issyk-Kul . Hydrological Processes , 35 ( 4 ): e 14136 , https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14136 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14136 .

Weibull W . 1951 . A statistical distribution function of wide applicability . Journal of Applied Mechanics , 18 ( 3 ): 293 - 297 , https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4010337 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4010337 .

Wentworth C K . 1922 . A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments . The Journal of Geology , 30 ( 5 ): 377 - 392 , https://doi.org/10.1086/622910 https://doi.org/10.1086/622910 .

Wünnemann B , Yan D D , Hu S et al . 2023 . Seasonal variations in surface processes and hydroclimate on an alpine lake, NE Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary Science Reviews , 300 : 107876 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107876 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107876 .

Xiao J L , Chang Z G , Fan J W et al . 2012 . The link between grain-size components and depositional processes in a modern clastic lake . Sedimentology , 59 ( 3 ): 1050 - 1062 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01294.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01294.x .

Xiao J L , Fan J W , Zhai D Y et al . 2015 . Testing the model for linking grain-size component to lake level status of modern clastic lakes . Quaternary International , 355 : 34 - 43 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.023 .

Xiao S , Chen F H , Qiang M R et al . 2007 . Distribution pattern of grain size in surface sediments from Sugan Lake and its potential in recording aeolian dust in arid China . Acta Geographica Sinica , 62 ( 11 ): 1153 - 1164 , https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.11.004. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.11.004. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Xu F L , Zhang G Q , Woolway R I et al . 2024 . Widespread societal and ecological impacts from projected Tibetan Plateau lake expansion . Nature Geoscience , 17 ( 6 ): 516 - 523 , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01446-w https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01446-w .

Xu X D , Dong L L , Zhao Y et al . 2019 . Effect of the Asian water tower over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the characteristics of atmospheric water circulation . Chinese Science Bulletin , 64 ( 27 ): 2830 - 2841 , https://doi.org/10.1360/TB-2019-0203. https://doi.org/10.1360/TB-2019-0203. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Yamaguchi N , Ando T , Enokida H et al . 2024 . Logratio analysis of components separated from grain-size distributions and implications for sedimentary processes: an example of bottom surface sediments in a shallow lake . Sedimentology , 71 ( 4 ): 1291 - 1304 , https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.13174 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.13174 .

Yang K , Jiang Y , Tang W et al . 2023 . A high-resolution near-surface meteorological forcing dataset for the Third Pole Region (TPMFD , 1979 - 2023 ). National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center , https://doi.org/10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.300398 https://doi.org/10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.300398 .

Yao T D , Bolch T , Chen D L et al . 2022 . The imbalance of the Asian water tower . Nature Reviews Earth & Environment , 3 ( 10 ): 618 - 632 , https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00299-4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00299-4 .

Yao T D , Thompson L G , Mosbrugger V et al . 2012 . Third pole environment (TPE) . Environmental Development , 3 : 52 - 64 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2012.04.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2012.04.002 .

Yu L P , Lai Z P . 2012 . OSL chronology and palaeoclimatic implications of aeolian sediments in the eastern Qaidam Basin of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 337 - 338 : 120 - 129 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.04.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.04.004 .

Yu Y F , You Q L , Zhang Y Q et al . 2024 . Integrated warm-wet trends over the Tibetan Plateau in recent decades. Journal of Hydrology , 639 : 131599 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131599 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131599 .

Yu Y H , Jin Y Y , Xu D K et al . 2021 . Vegetational and climatic changes in the Hurleg Lake, Qinghai, during the last 14000 years . Quaternary Sciences , 41 ( 5 ): 1229 - 1243 , https://doi.org/10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2021.05.01. https://doi.org/10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2021.05.01. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang G Q , Yao T D , Xie H J et al . 2020 . Response of Tibetan Plateau lakes to climate change: trends, patterns, and mechanisms. Earth - Science Reviews , 208 : 103269 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103269 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103269 .

Zhang J , Xu H , Lan J H et al . 2022 . Prolonged drought enhances northwest China dust storm activity . Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , 127 ( 20 ): e2022 JD 037088 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037088 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037088 .

Zhao C , Yu Z C , Zhao Y et al . 2010a . Holocene millennial-scale climate variations documented by multiple lake-level proxies in sediment cores from Hurleg Lake, northwest China . Journal of Paleolimnology , 44 ( 4 ): 995 - 1008 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-010-9469-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-010-9469-6 .

Zhao J J , Li X Z , He Y X et al . 2022 . Opposing industrial era moisture patterns between basins and mountains in southern arid Central Asia. CATENA , 215 : 106367 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106367 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106367 .

Zhao Y , Yu Z C , Chen F H et al . 2007 . Holocene vegetation and climate history at Hurleg Lake in the Qaidam Basin, northwest China . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , 145 ( 3-4 ): 275 - 288 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.12.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.12.002 .

Zhao Y , Yu Z C , Liu X J et al . 2010b . Late Holocene vegetation and climate oscillations in the Qaidam Basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau . Quaternary Research , 73 ( 1 ): 59 - 69 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.007 .

Zhou J C , Wu J L , Zeng H A . 2018 . Extreme flood events over the past 300 years inferred from lake sedimentary grain sizes in the Altay Mountains, northwestern China . Chinese Geographical Science , 28 ( 5 ): 773 - 783 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-018-0968-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-018-0968-0 .

Zhou J C , Wu J L , Zhang H L et al . 2022 . Late Quaternary hydroclimate change inferred from lake sedimentary record in arid central Asia . Boreas , 51 ( 3 ): 573 - 583 , https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12573 https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12573 .

Zhou S , Zhang J W , Cheng B et al . 2024 . Holocene pollen record from Lake Gahai, NE Tibetan Plateau and its implications for quantitative reconstruction of regional precipitation. Quaternary Science Reviews , 326 : 108504 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108504 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108504 .

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Sea-level changes controlled detrital sediment inputs to the Bicol Shelf in the western Philippine Sea since 150 ka

Recent sedimentary records in the East China Sea inner shelf and their response to environmental change and human activities

Distribution and enrichment of potassium and lithium in Qaidam Basin brine, China

Climatic and tectonic implications since marine isotope stage 7 in Kunteyi Salt Lake in the NW Qaidam Basin, NE Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Sulfur isotope geochemistry and its indicative significance of sulfates in Kunteyi Salt Lake in the northwest Qaidam Basin, NE Qinghai-Xizang Plateau