Effects of waterborne exposure to varying concentrations of micro- and nano-plastics on liver and intestinal histology, antioxidant systems, and intestinal microbiota in Qihe River crucian carp (<italic style="font-style: italic">Carassius auratus</italic>)

Yujiao JIN; Fengrui WU; Feilong WANG; Yuqi LI; Yanzhi WANG; Ling LÜ; Xuejun LI; Limin WU; Yongjing LI

doi:10.1007/s00343-026-6017-4

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Effects of waterborne exposure to varying concentrations of micro- and nano-plastics on liver and intestinal histology, antioxidant systems, and intestinal microbiota in Qihe River crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

Updated：2026-09-24

- Effects of waterborne exposure to varying concentrations of micro- and nano-plastics on liver and intestinal histology, antioxidant systems, and intestinal microbiota in Qihe River crucian carp (Carassius auratus)
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Pages: 1-18(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
  2.Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, Nanyang 474450, China
  3.Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage and Biological Control for Huaihe River Basin, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
- Author bio：
  
  liyongjing@htu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-026-6017-4
  CLC：
- Received：24 February 2026，
  
  Online First：24 September 2026，
- Accepted：
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JIN Yujiao,WU Fengrui,WANG Feilong,et al.Effects of waterborne exposure to varying concentrations of micro- and nano-plastics on liver and intestinal histology, antioxidant systems, and intestinal microbiota in Qihe River crucian carp (,Carassius auratus)[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,
DOI：

JIN Yujiao,WU Fengrui,WANG Feilong,et al.Effects of waterborne exposure to varying concentrations of micro- and nano-plastics on liver and intestinal histology, antioxidant systems, and intestinal microbiota in Qihe River crucian carp (,Carassius auratus)[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, DOI：.

摘要

Abstract

The Qihe River crucian carp (

Carassius

auratus

) is an economically important freshwater germplasm resource endemic to Henan Province

China

where inland aquaculture is increasingly challenged by microplastic contamination. To assess the ecotoxicological risks of micro(nano)plastics in this regional species

a 28-d chronic exposure experiment was conducted to compare the biological effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) at two concentration levels (50 and 500 μg/L)

with a specific focus on growth performance

tissue histopathological characteristics

digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities

expression of immune-related genes

and intestinal microbiome composition. The results demonstrated that micro(nano)plastic exposure signif

icantly reduced weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR)

induced intestinal villus shortening

splitting

and epithelial shedding

and caused hepatocyte vacuolization and hepatic sinusoid dilation. Intestinal

-amylase (AMS)

trypsin

and lipase activities

as well as hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD)

total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)

glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)

malondialdehyde (MDA)

alkaline phosphatase (AKP)

and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities

were significantly altered in a concentration-dependent manner after exposure. Furthermore

in the liver

the expression of the immune-related genes such as tumor necrosis factor

(

tnf

)

interferon

(

ifn

)

interleukin 8 (

)

and interleukin 6 (

) also responded in a size- and concentration-dependent manner. In the exploratory microbiota analysis

plastic exposure decreased community evenness and reshaped taxonomic composition

characterized by reduced potentially beneficial taxa and enriched stress-associated or opportunistic taxa. Overall

PS-NPs produced stronger adverse effects than PS-MPs under the same nominal exposure level. These results provide species-specific evidence that waterborne plastic particles can impair gut and liver health

antioxidant balance

and intestinal microbial homeostasis in Qihe River crucian carp

and support a size-dependent hazard assessment for micro- and nano-plastics in freshwater aquaculture.

关键词

Keywords

references

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⁰

Effects of waterborne exposure to varying concentrations of micro- and nano-plastics on liver and intestinal histology, antioxidant systems, and intestinal microbiota in Qihe River crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

DOI：10.1007/s00343-026-6017-4

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references