Temporal-spatial change of phytoplankton size structure from satellite observations in the Bohai and Yellow Seas of China during 2003–2024

Yueqi WANG; Jiawen HAO; Yujue WANG; Dongyan LIU

doi:10.1007/s00343-026-5459-z

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Temporal-spatial change of phytoplankton size structure from satellite observations in the Bohai and Yellow Seas of China during 2003–2024

Updated：2026-09-15

- Temporal-spatial change of phytoplankton size structure from satellite observations in the Bohai and Yellow Seas of China during 2003–2024
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Pages: 1-25(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
  2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  3.State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Author bio：
  
  dyliu@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-026-5459-z
  CLC：
- Received：18 November 2025，
  
  Online First：15 September 2026，
- Accepted：
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WANG Yueqi,HAO Jiawen,WANG Yujue,et al.Temporal-spatial change of phytoplankton size structure from satellite observations in the Bohai and Yellow Seas of China during 2003–2024[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,
DOI：

WANG Yueqi,HAO Jiawen,WANG Yujue,et al.Temporal-spatial change of phytoplankton size structure from satellite observations in the Bohai and Yellow Seas of China during 2003–2024[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, DOI：.

摘要

Abstract

Phytoplankton size structure is a key ecological indicator for assessing marine ecosystems status and their response to environmental change; howev

long-term monitoring of phytoplankton size has been constrained by limitations in observational data. To address this gap

this study developed a 22-year (2003–2024) daily satellite-derived phytoplankton size class (PSC) dataset for the Bohai and Yellow seas of China (BYS) using an in-situ optimized abundance-based model. Key findings are: (1) micro-phytoplankton dominated the coastal waters all-year round

whereas offshore water exhibited seasonal alternation between pico-phytoplankton (summer) and micro-phytoplankton (other seasons); (2) a significant long-term phytoplankton size miniaturization was detected

with the contributions of micro- and nano-phytoplankton declined at a rates of -0.031% per year (non-significant

0.05) and -0.049% per year (significant

0.01)

respectively

while pico-phytoplankton increased by 0.055% per year (significant

0.01); (3) through explainable machine learning model

sea surface temperature was identified as the dominant driver of PSC variations

exhibiting highly nonlinear relationships and distinct threshold effects with shifts in phytoplankton size structure. This validated

long-term satellite PSC product provides novel insights into the environmental forcing of phytoplankton community restructuring in the BYS and offering a critical baseline for assessing ecosystem responses to climate change and anthropogenic pressure.

关键词

Keywords

references

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