Interannual variation and driving factors in area of the Zonag Lake basin on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Min LIU; Wei ZHU; Liangyuan ZHAO; Yichao WANG; Li LIN; Minjie LIANG; Mingyang HUANG

doi:10.1007/s00343-026-5306-2

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Interannual variation and driving factors in area of the Zonag Lake basin on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Updated：2026-07-15

- Interannual variation and driving factors in area of the Zonag Lake basin on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Pages: 1-17(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
  2.Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
  3.Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-environmental Science in Hubei Province, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
  4.School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
- Author bio：
  
  zhuweiteam.hhu@gmail.com
  zhaoliangyuannew@163.com
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-026-5306-2
  CLC：
- Received：20 August 2025，
  
  Accepted：28 October 2025，
  
  Online First：04 January 2026，
- Accepted：
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LIU Min,ZHU Wei,ZHAO Liangyuan,et al.Interannual variation and driving factors in area of the Zonag Lake basin on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,
DOI：

LIU Min,ZHU Wei,ZHAO Liangyuan,et al.Interannual variation and driving factors in area of the Zonag Lake basin on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, DOI：10.1007/s00343-026-5306-2.

摘要

Abstract

The Zonag Lake basin is situated in the hinterlands of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and serves as a renowned calving ground for Tibetan antelopes. Zonag Lake is also a typical large inland lake on the QXP. Over the past three decades

the lake areas within the Zonag Lake basin have generally shown an expanding trend. However

different lakes therein have exhibited varying trend over time. Between 1988 and 1995

Zonag Lake

Kusai Lake

Haidingnor Lake

and Salt Lake all experienced shrinkage. After the 2011 breach of Zonag Lake

it continued to shrink

the downstream lakes

such as Kusai Lake

Haidingnor Lake

and Salt Lake consistently expanded. After the 2019 implementation of the Salt Lake drainage project

the water levels began to decline in 2020. The Zonag Lake basin has experienced an average annual precipitation of 308.5 mm over the past six decades

with a general upward trend in rainfall amounting to an average increase rate of 15.1%. The overall temperature within the basin has also been increasing

with a warmi

ng rate of 0.35 °C/10 a. This trend has become notably more pronounced since the beginning of the 21

century. Collectively

surface runoff (41.5%±2.3%) and lake precipitation (27.0%±1.5%) accounted for most of the total lake inflow

thus identifying atmospheric precipitation as the primary driver of lake expansion in the Zonag Lake basin. The meltwater from glaciers and permafrost was the secondary contributor

responsible for 24.0%±1.3% of the inflow.

关键词

Keywords

references

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