

FOLLOWUS
1.Marine Biodiversity Collection of South China Sea, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
chenzhiyun@scsio.ac.cn
Received:04 August 2025,
Online First:04 August 2026,
Scan QR Code
WANG Jianing,CHEN Zhiyun.A new species of Vittina (Gastropoda, Neritidae) from the South China Sea, and three new records of other neritid species[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,
WANG Jianing,CHEN Zhiyun.A new species of Vittina (Gastropoda, Neritidae) from the South China Sea, and three new records of other neritid species[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, DOI:.
This study reports the discovery of
Vittina
lambda
sp. nov.
a new neritid species from Hainan Island
South China Sea
alongside three new records:
Nerita
antiquata
Clithon
eudeli
and
C
.
peguense
.
V
.
lambda
sp. nov.
distinguished by unique Λ-shaped shell color patterns and radular morphology (narrower central teeth
sharper marginal teeth)
was historically misidentified within
V
.
coromandeliana
populations. Integrative taxonomy combining mitochondrial COI sequences (revealing
>
5% K2P divergence)
Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) analysis
and morphology confirme
d its cryptic status. For now
three new records are found in Guangdong
Guangxi
and Hainan only in China. Among them
Clithon
eudeli
was previously reported from its type locality in Vietnam only and has a unique and easily recognizable appearance in the genus
Clithon
. These findings highlight the South China Sea as a biodiversity hotspot and underscore the efficacy of molecular-morphological approaches in resolving complex neritid taxonomy.
Baker H B . 1923 . Notes on the radula of the Neritidae . Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , 75 : 117 - 178 .
Bierne N , Gagnaire P A , David P . 2013 . The geography of introgression in a patchy environment and the thorn in the side of ecological speciation . Current Zoology , 59 ( 1 ): 72 - 86 , https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.1.72 https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.1.72 .
Blanford W T . 1867 . Contributions to Indian malacology , No . Ⅷ. List of estuary shells collected in the delta of the Irawady, in Pegu, with descriptions of the new species. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part Ⅱ., 36 ( 1 ): 51 - 72 , pl. 12- 14 .
Bourne G C . 1909 . Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1908 , 78 ( 4 ): 810 - 887 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1908.00810.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1908.00810.x .
Chen Z Y , Lian X P , Tan Y H . 2018 . Comparative study on several confused species of Nerita (Gastropoda, Cycloneriti-morpha, Neritidae) . Journal of Tropical Oceanography , 37 ( 3 ): 73 - 79 , https://doi.org/10.11978/2017082. https://doi.org/10.11978/2017082. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen Z Y , Zhang J L . 2018 . New records of a genus and a species of Neritidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cycloneritimorpha) from the South China Sea . Acta Oceanologica Sinica , 37 ( 10 ): 209 - 211 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1326-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1326-x .
Chen Z Y . 2022 . A Photographic Guide to Seashells of China . Chongqing University Press, Chongqing . p. 48 - 54 . (in Chinese)
Chu M D , Geng C X , Lu Y et al . 2022 . Study on the community structure of meiofauna and the diversity of free-living marine nematodes in the intertidal zone of Beibu Gulf in winter . Journal of Liaocheng University (Natural Science) , 35 ( 2 ): 89 - 97 , https://doi.org/10.19728/j.issn1672-6634.2021060004. https://doi.org/10.19728/j.issn1672-6634.2021060004. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Cuvier G . 1795 . Second Mémoire sur l’organisation et les rapports des animaux à sang blanc, dans lequel on traite de la structure des Mollusques et de leur division en ordre, lu à la société d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, le 11 prairial an troisième [30 May 1795] . Magazin Encyclopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts , 1795 [1. année ] , 2 : 433 - 449 .
Dekker H . 2000 . The Neritidae (Gastropoda) from the circumarabian seas, with the description of two new species, a new subgenus and a new genus . Vita Marina , 47 ( 2 ): 29 - 64 .
Dunker W . 1844 . Helix . In: Philippi R A ed . Abbildungen Und Beschreibungen Neuer Oder Wenig Gekannter Conchylien Unter Mithülfe Mehrerer Deutscher Conchyliologen. Vol. 1 . T. Fischer, Cassel. p. 77 - 186 . https://do 10.5962/bhl.title.10589 http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10589
Eichhorst T E . 2008 . Family neritidae . In: Peppo G T ed. Philippine Marine Mollusks . Vol I. ConchBooks, Harxheim. p. 276 - 279 .
Eichhorst T E . 2016a . Neritidae of the World. Vol 1 . ConchBooks, Harxheim .
Eichhorst T E . 2016b . Neritidae of the World. Vol 2 . ConchBooks, Harxheim .
Endo K , Kogure T , Nagasawa H . 2018 . Biomineralization: From Molecular and Nano-Structural Analyses to Environmental Science . Springer, Singapore , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1002-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1002-7 .
Folmer O , Black M , Hoeh W et al . 1994 . DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates . Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology , 3 ( 5 ): 294 - 299 . https:// do 10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.7.460 http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.7.460
Frey M A , Vermeij G J . 2008 . Molecular phylogenies and historical biogeography of a circumtropical group of gastropods (Genus: Nerita ): implications for regional diversity patterns in the marine tropics . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 48 ( 3 ): 1067 - 1086 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.009 .
Frey M . 2008 . A revised classification of the gastropod genus Nerita . Veliger , 51 ( 1 ): 1 - 7 .
Funk D J , Omland K E . 2003 . Species-level paraphyly and polyphyly: frequency, causes, and consequences, with insights from animal mitochondrial DNA . Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics , 34 : 397 - 423 , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132421 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132421 .
Gray J E . 1858 . Observations on the genus Nerita and its operculum . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 26 ( 1 ): 92 - 105 . https://do 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1858.tb06349.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1858.tb06349.x
Havermans C , Nagy Z T , Sonet G et al . 2011 . DNA barcoding reveals new insights into the diversity of Antarctic species of Orchomene sensu lato (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea) . Deep Sea Research Part II : Topical Studies in Oceanography , 58 ( 1-2 ): 230 - 241 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.028 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.028 .
He C , Wang J N , Chen Z Y et al . 2025 . Comparative study on Conasprella cones species in Chinese waters . Journal of Tropical Oceanography , 44 ( 4 ): 145 - 164 , https://doi.org/10.11978/2024165. https://doi.org/10.11978/2024165. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang S P , Li Z H , Li J J et al . 2024 . Analysis of genetic diversity and structure of eight populations of Nerita yoldii along the coast of China based on mitochondrial COI gene . Animals , 14 ( 5 ): 718 , https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050718 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050718 .
Kano Y , Chikyu E , Waren A . 2009 . Morphological, ecological and molecular characterization of the enigmatic planispiral snail genus Adeuomphalus (Vetigastropoda: Seguenzioidea) . Journal of Molluscan Studies , 75 ( 4 ): 397 - 418 , https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyp037 https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyp037 .
Kano Y , Fukumori H . 2010 . Predation on hardest molluscan eggs by confamilial snails (Neritidae) and its potential significance in egg-laying site selection . Journal of Molluscan Studies , 76 ( 4 ): 360 - 366 , https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyq018 https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyq018 .
Katoh K , Standley D M . 2013 . MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 30 ( 4 ): 772 - 780 , https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010 .
Krijnen C . 2002 . The subgenera of the genus Nerita Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda: Neritidae, taxonomy, new subgenus) . Gloria Maris , 41 ( 3 ): 38 - 69 .
Krings W , Hempel C , Siemers L et al . 2021 . Feeding experiments on Vittina turrita (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritidae) reveal tooth contact areas and bent radular shape during foraging . Scientific Reports , 11 ( 1 ): 9556 , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88953-7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88953-7 .
Krings W , Schulz-Kornas E , Gorb S N . 2025 . Wear-coping mechanisms and functional morphology of the radular teeth of Vittina turrita (Neritimorpha, Gastropoda) . Journal of the Royal Society Interface , 22 ( 226 ): 20250016 , https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2025.0016 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2025.0016 .
Le Guillou E J F . 1841 . Description de quatorze Nérites nouvelles . Revue Zoologique, Par La Société Cuvierienne , 1 : 343 - 347 .
Li Y Q . 2011 . The Macrozoobenthos of intertidal zone in Beibu Gulf (Guangxi) . Qingdao Technological University , MA thesis.
Lin Y R . 2012 . Taxonomy of the Neritidae in Taiwan and its adjacent islands based on molecular evidence . Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , China, https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2012.00122. https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2012.00122. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Linnaeus C . 1758 . Systema Naturae Per Regna Tria Naturae, ClassesSecundum, Ordines, Genera, Species, CharacteribusCum, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. DecimaEditio, Reformata. edn10th. SalviusLaurentius, Stockholm. p . 1 - 824 .
Luo X Z , Meng X W . 2025 . Assessment of pollution tolerance of macro benthic animals in mangrove wetlands in Guangxi . Journal of Yantai University (Natural Science and Engineering Edition) , 38 ( 4 ): 461 - 470 , https://doi.org/10.13951/j.cnki.37-1213/n.240806. https://doi.org/10.13951/j.cnki.37-1213/n.240806. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Miao J , Feng J T , Liu X J et al . 2022 . Sequence comparison of the mitochondrial genomes of five brackish water species of the family Neritidae: phylogenetic implications and divergence time estimation . Ecology and Evolution , 12 ( 6 ): e 8984 , https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8984 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8984 .
Montfort P Denys de . 1810 . Conchyliologie Systématique, et Classification Méthodique Des Coquilles . F. Schoell, Paris .
Mörch O A L . 1852 . Catalogus Conchyliorum Quae Reliquit D. Alphonso D’Aguirra & Gadea Comes De Yoldi, Regis Daniae Cubiculariorum Princeps, Ordinis Dannebrogici in Prima Classe & Ordinis Caroli Tertii Eques . Fasc . 1 , Cephalophora. L. Klein, Hafniae. 170 p. https://do 10.5962/bhl.title.11189 http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11189
Mujiono N . 2016 . Keong marga Clithon (Gastropoda: Neritidae) di Jawa: status, distribusi, dan kekerabatannya . Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia , 2 ( 2 ): 149 - 154 , https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m020205 https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m020205 .
Mustapha N , Baharuddin N , Tan S K et al . 2021 . The neritid snails of Brunei Darussalam: their geographical, ecological and conservation significance . Ecologica Montenegrina , 42 : 45 - 61 , https://doi.org/10.37828/em.202.42.2 https://doi.org/10.37828/em.202.42.2 .
Poey F . 1852 . Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, acompañadas de sumarios Latinos y extractos en Francés . La Habana . v. 1 : 40 - 120 , pls.9- 14 .
Purnama M F , Sirza L O M J , Salwiayah et al . 2022 . Freshwater Neritidae in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia . Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation , 15 ( 2 ): 707 - 715 .
Quintero-Galvis J F , Castro L R . 2013 . Molecular phylogeny of the Neritidae (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) based on the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16s rRNA . Acta Biológica Colombiana , 18 ( 2 ): 307 - 318 .
Rafinesque C S . 1815 . Analyse de la Nature: or, Tableau de l’univers et des Corps Organisés . Aux dépens de l’auteur, Palermo . 224 p. https://do 10.5962/bhl.title.106607 http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.106607
Récluz C A . 1841 . Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Nérites vivantes . Revue Zoologique, Par La Société Cuvierienne : 102 - 343 .
Récluz C A . 1850 . Notice sur le genre Nerita et sur le s.-g. Neritina , avec le catalogue synonymique des Néritines . Journal de Conchyliologie , 1 ( 2 ): 131 - 164 , 277 - 288 , pls. 7 , 11 .
Sands A F , Glöer P , Gürlek M E et al . 2020 . A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species . Zoosystematics and Evolution , 96 ( 1 ): 25 - 66 , https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48312 https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48312 .
Shigemiya Y , Kato M . 2001 . Age distribution, growth, and lifetime copulation frequency of a freshwater snail, Clithon retropictus (Neritidae) . Population Ecology , 43 ( 2 ): 133 - 140 , https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012024 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012024 .
Sowerby G B Ⅰ . 1836 . Neritina . In: The Conchological Illustrations; or Coloured Figures of Hitherto Unfigured Recent Shells . Privately Published, London . p. 94 - 100 .
Sowerby G B Ⅲ . 1917 . New species of Pupinella , Theodoxus , and Tellina . Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London , 12 : 320 - 321 .
Springsteen F J , Leobrera F M . 1986 . Shells of the Philippines . Carfel Seashell Museum, Leobrera .
Starmühlner F . 1982 . Results of the Austrian-Indian hydrobiological mission 1976 to the Andaman-Islands: Part IV: the Freshwater Gastropods of the Andaman-Islands. Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien . Serie B Für Botanik Und Zoologie , 86 : 145 - 204 .
Tan S K , Clements R . 2008 . Taxonomy and distribution of the Neritidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Singapore . Zoological Studies , 47 ( 4 ): 481 - 494 , https://doi.org/10. 6620/ZS.2008.47(4).481 https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2008.47(4).481 .
Tang Y J , Li Y N , He Q et al . 2014 . The study of fauna and distribution of Mollusc in the intertidal zone of Shangchuan Island . Journal of Guangdong University of Education , 34 ( 5 ): 71 - 79 , https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3798.2014.05.011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3798.2014.05.011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang Y J , Lin W , Cui X W et al . 2004 . Distribution of Mollusca in the intertidal zone of Shangchuan Island . Chinese Journal of Zoology , 39 ( 3 ): 60 - 67 , https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0250-3263.2004.03.013. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0250-3263.2004.03.013. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Tchang S , Tsi C Y . 1961 . Outline of Malacology . Science Press . (in Chinese)
Tong W T , Li J , Wang H Y et al . 2013 . The current situation of intertidal shellfish resources in Sanya, Hainan . Marine Science , 37 ( 8 ): 11 - 15 . (in Chinese with English abstract)
Tryon G W , Pilsbry H A . 1888 . Manual of Conchology, Structural and Systematic: with Illustrations of the Species . Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia .
Tsuchiya K . 2000 . Neritidae . In: Okutani T ed. Marine Mollusks in Japan . Tokai University Press , Tokyo . p. 101 - 109 .
Tsuchiya K . 2017 . Neritidae . In: Okutani T ed. Marine Mollusks in Japan . 2 nd ed . Tokai University Press , Tokyo . p. 781 - 785 .
Vermeij G J . 1984 . The systematic position of the neritid prosobranch gastropod Nerita polita and related species . Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington , 97 ( 4 ): 688 - 692 .
von Martens E . 1887 . Die Gattungen Nerita und Neritopsis . In: Kobelt W ed. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz . Neu herausgegeben und vervollständigt. Zweiten Bandes elfte Abtheilung. Nürnberg : Bauer & Raspe , 2 ( 11 ): 1 - 64 , pls. 4 - 8 .
von Martens E . 1888 . Die Gattungen Nerita und Neritopsis . In: Kobelt W ed. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz . Neu herausgegeben und vervollständigt. Zweiten Bandes elfte Abtheilung. Nürnberg : Bauer & Raspe , 2 ( 11 ): 65 - 104 , pls. 9 - 13 .
Wang J N , He C , Tan Y H et al . 2025 . Records of genus Nerita (Gastropoda, Cycloneritida, Neritidae) in the South China Sea . Journal of Oceanology and Limnology , 44 ( 2 ): 812 - 837 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-025-5004-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-025-5004-5 .
Waters J M , King T M , O’Loughlin P M et al . 2005 . Phylogeographical disjunction in abundant high-dispersal littoral gastropods . Molecular Ecology , 14 ( 9 ): 2789 - 2802 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02635.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02635.x .
Wood W . 1828 . Supplement to the Index Testaceologicus; or A Catalogue of Shells , British and Foreign Vol . 4. Richard Taylor, London. p. 1 - 59 , pls. 1- 8 .
World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) . 2025 . Neritidae rafinesque, 1815 . https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=13588 , Accessed on Accessedon 2025-12-22 .
Yu J , Qiu Y S . 2016 . Influence of Kuroshio intrusion on primary productivity in the northeastern South China Sea . South China Fisheries Science , 12 ( 4 ): 17 - 27 , https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-0780.2016.04.003. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-0780.2016.04.003. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang J J , Kapli P , Pavlidis P et al . 2013 . A general species delimitation method with applications to phylogenetic placements . Bioinformatics , 29 ( 22 ): 2869 - 2876 , https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt499 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt499 .
Zhang S P . 2008 . Illustrated Handbook of Marine Mollusks in China . Ocean Press , Beijing . p. 46 - 50 . (in Chinese)
Zhang X J , Kong L F , Li Q . 2018 . DNA barcoding in Neritidae species (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha) along the coast of China . Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica , 49 ( 3 ): 614 - 623 , https://doi.org/10.11693/hyhz20171200320. https://doi.org/10.11693/hyhz20171200320. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao C Y , Liu X Y , Bai J D et al . 2014 . Impact of Spartina alterniflora on benthic macro-invertebrates communities on mangrove wetland in Xicungang Estuary, Guangxi . Biodiversity Science , 22 ( 5 ): 630 - 639 , https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.00109. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.00109. (in Chinese with English abstract)
0
Views
0
Downloads
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621