Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics in marine crude drugs, seawater, and seafood samples

Yingying LOU; Guangli ZHAO; Jingyi YAN; Dani SUN; Jinmao YOU; Huiquan XIAO; Huitao LIU; Guisheng LI; Jinhua LI

doi:10.1007/s00343-025-4344-5

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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics in marine crude drugs, seawater, and seafood samples

Chemistry | Updated：2026-03-26

- Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics in marine crude drugs, seawater, and seafood samples
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 44, Issue 1, Pages: 137-149(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
  2.Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
  3.School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
  4.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Author bio：
  
  jmyou6304@163.com
  jhli@yic.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4344-5
  CLC：
- Received：18 December 2024，
  
  Accepted：17 March 2025，
  
  Online First：31 March 2025，
  
  Published：01 January 2026
- Accepted：
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LOU Yingying,ZHAO Guangli,YAN Jingyi,et al.Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics in marine crude drugs, seawater, and seafood samples[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2026,44(01):137-149.
DOI：

LOU Yingying,ZHAO Guangli,YAN Jingyi,et al.Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics in marine crude drugs, seawater, and seafood samples[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2026,44(01):137-149. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-025-4344-5.

摘要

Abstract

To simultaneously enrich

separate

and determine five fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in marine crude drugs (MCDs)

seawater and seafood

we conducted this study using vortex assisted dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)

followed by capillary electrophoresis (CE)-UV. A single-variable optimization was employed to examine the factors influencing the separation effect of CE and the extraction efficiency of DLLME

including buffer solution

organic solvent

separation voltage

extractant

dispersant

and sample solution pH. Under the optimal conditions

the baseline separation of the five FQs was achieved within 6 min. The analytical performance of the method was assessed using six types of actual samples

including three MCDs of hippocampus

clam

and kelp

seawater

and two seafood of prawn and pomfret

demonstrating good linearity ranging from 0.1–5 or 0.01–5 μg/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) for the five FQs in MCDs were 0.002 2–0.029 2 and 0.006 6–0.097 3 μg/mL

respectively. The LODs and LOQs in seawater and seafood were 0.000 9–0.026 2 and 0.002 9–0.087 4 μg/mL

respectively. The matrix effects of this method were evaluated in the hippocampus

seawater

and prawn

and the results show that DLLME could effectively eliminate matrix interference. Satisfactory recovery rates were achieved in all the six tested actual samples. This developed DLLME-CE method was proven simple to operate

accurate and reliable

with high sensitivity

making it suitable for the analysis of multiple antibiotic residues in complex matrices.

关键词

Keywords

references

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