Expression level and spatial distribution of opsin gene in <italic style="font-style: italic">Oratosquilla</italic> <italic style="font-style: italic">oratoria</italic> compound eye

Fangrui LOU; Xiaowen DUAN; Jiaoli ZHOU; Yue DING; Zhiqiang HAN

doi:10.1007/s00343-025-4305-z

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Expression level and spatial distribution of opsin gene in Oratosquilla oratoria compound eye

Biology | Updated：2026-03-26

- Expression level and spatial distribution of opsin gene in Oratosquilla oratoria compound eye
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 44, Issue 1, Pages: 340-356(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
  2.Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Author bio：
  
  lfr199202@163.com
  d6339124@163.com
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4305-z
  CLC：
- Received：15 November 2024，
  
  Accepted：06 March 2025，
  
  Online First：07 April 2025，
  
  Published：01 January 2026
- Accepted：
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LOU Fangrui,DUAN Xiaowen,ZHOU Jiaoli,et al.Expression level and spatial distribution of opsin gene in Oratosquilla oratoria compound eye[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2026,44(01):340-356.
DOI：

LOU Fangrui,DUAN Xiaowen,ZHOU Jiaoli,et al.Expression level and spatial distribution of opsin gene in Oratosquilla oratoria compound eye[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2026,44(01):340-356. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-025-4305-z.

摘要

Abstract

Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye

stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light. They not only can detect natural light (NL) and linearly polarized light (LPL)

but also are the only animals capable of recognizing circularly polarized light (CPL). Here

we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing

previously published Illumina data

and in-situ hybridization (ISH) to quantify and localize functional opsin genes in

Oratosquilla

oratoria

a common stomatopoda species in the China Sea. A total of high-quality 31 777 cells were captured for the first time in the

oratoria

compound eye

which were classified into 25 cell subpopulations

and hypothesized that cluster 22 is a critical cell subpopulation responsible for light (whether NL

LPL

or CPL) response in

oratoria

. Furthermore

we propose that the long-wavelength-sensitive opsin gene (

lws

) gene family

retinol

dehydrogenase

(

rdh

)

voltage

gated

ion

channel

(

vgic

)

arrestin

(

arr

)

and

myosin

(

myo

) collectively mediate the light response in

oratoria

. Considering that very few vision-related opsin genes show differential expression in right-handed CPL (RCPL)-vs.-dark (DL)

which provides additional evidence that stomatopoda cannot recognize RCPL. Meanwhile

we believe that

stimulated

scaffold

protein

(

uvssa

) and

red

pigment

concentrating

hormone

(

rpch

) play special contributions in the left-handed CPL (LCPL) environment response. ISH revealing that 16

lws

middle

wavelength

sensitive

(

mws

)

and 2

ultraviolet

(

) opsin genes were expressed in the photoreceptors of the

oratoria

compound eye. Although the inability to determine the functional types of cell subpopulations limits the resolution of opsin genes

these findings systematically elucidate the specific expression patterns of opsin genes in

oratoria

and represent a significant step toward refining the visual ecological theory of

oratoria

and other stomatopod species.

关键词

Keywords

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Expression level and spatial distribution of opsin gene in Oratosquilla oratoria compound eye

DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4305-z

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