Major and trace elements in marine black shales from the Lower Cambrian, Yangtze Plate, SW China: implications for depositional environment

Ling GUO; Zexin FANG; Xiaoxia PENG; Jianni LIU

doi:10.1007/s00343-025-4249-3

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Major and trace elements in marine black shales from the Lower Cambrian, Yangtze Plate, SW China: implications for depositional environment

Geology | Updated：2025-12-16

- Major and trace elements in marine black shales from the Lower Cambrian, Yangtze Plate, SW China: implications for depositional environment
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 43, Issue 6, Pages: 1769-1791(2025)
- Affiliations：
  
  State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Author bio：
  
  guoling@nwu.edu.cn
  liujianni@126.com
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4249-3
  CLC：
- Received：29 September 2024，
  
  Published：01 November 2025
- Accepted：
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GUO Ling,FANG Zexin,PENG Xiaoxia,et al.Major and trace elements in marine black shales from the Lower Cambrian, Yangtze Plate, SW China: implications for depositional environment[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2025,43(06):1769-1791.
DOI：

GUO Ling,FANG Zexin,PENG Xiaoxia,et al.Major and trace elements in marine black shales from the Lower Cambrian, Yangtze Plate, SW China: implications for depositional environment[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2025,43(06):1769-1791. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-025-4249-3.

摘要

Abstract

Early Cambrian organic-rich shales in the Yangtze Plate are key shale gas exploration targets in China

but their sedimentary environments are not well understood. This lack of knowledge complicates the evaluation of these targets and associated risks. Assessing shale depositional environments is also challenging due to the fine-grained nature of the sediments and subtle compositional variations. Herein

marine black shales of the Lower Cambrian Shiyantou (SYT) Formation (Fm) and Yu’a

nshan (YAS) Fm are investigated through a series of experiment

including thin sections

scanning electron microscopy

and major and trace elements analysis. Results show that five lithofacies can be identified in the SYT and YAS shales: (1) calcareous mudstone; (2) wavy-laminated sand

silt

and clay bearing mudstone; (3) laminated and massive mudstone; (4) planar-laminated pyritic mudstone

and (5) thin bedded sand and siltstone. Average content of major elements SiO

MgO

CaO

TiO

and MnO of SYT Fm are 57.03%

12.74%

4.20%

3.97%

3.93%

3.35%

1.09%

0.68%

0.28%

and 0.05%

respectively. Average content of major elements SiO

MgO

CaO

TiO

and MnO of Yu’anshan Fm are 54.93%

14.52%

5.26%

6.00%

3.77%

3.88%

0.15%

0.63%

0.19%

and 0.10%

respectively. Samples from SYT Fm are enriched in Li

and U relative to Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and most of shale samples from YAS Fm are enriched in Li

and U relative to UCC. The marine black shales are deposited in dynamic anoxic to oxic environment in upper Yangtze Plate

which indicated the seabed had already oxidized in the Cambrian Stages 2 and 3. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values ranged 51.84–79.46 indicate a warm and humid climate in the 2 stages. These findings are consistent with the region’s paleogeography and previous studies. They hold significance for sedimentologists

paleontologists

and other researchers involved in petroleum geology.

关键词

Keywords

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