Sexual differences in the non-predatory mortality of Copepoda <italic style="font-style: italic">Oithona similis</italic> Claus, 1866: evidence from the death proportion in Jiaozhou Bay

Aiyong WAN; Shuai LI; Junliang LIU; Yi LIANG

doi:10.1007/s00343-025-4247-5

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Sexual differences in the non-predatory mortality of Copepoda Oithona similis Claus, 1866: evidence from the death proportion in Jiaozhou Bay

Ecology | Updated：2025-10-16

- Sexual differences in the non-predatory mortality of Copepoda Oithona similis Claus, 1866: evidence from the death proportion in Jiaozhou Bay
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 43, Issue 5, Pages: 1543-1552(2025)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  2.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  3.School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
  4.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
- Author bio：
  
  liangyi@qdio.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4247-5
  CLC：
- Received：14 September 2024，
  
  Accepted：24 October 2024，
  
  Online First：06 December 2024，
  
  Published：01 September 2025
- Accepted：
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WAN Aiyong,LI Shuai,LIU Junliang,et al.Sexual differences in the non-predatory mortality of Copepoda Oithona similis Claus, 1866: evidence from the death proportion in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2025,43(05):1543-1552.
DOI：

WAN Aiyong,LI Shuai,LIU Junliang,et al.Sexual differences in the non-predatory mortality of Copepoda Oithona similis Claus, 1866: evidence from the death proportion in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2025,43(05):1543-1552. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-025-4247-5.

摘要

Abstract

The abundance of live and dead

Oithona

similis

in Jiaozhou Bay

Shandong

China

was investigated monthly from December 2008 to November 2009 via the neutral red staining method. The annual variation in total abundance was similar for females

males

and copepodites

with a main numerical peak from February to July and a minor peak in November

but the variations in carcass abundance and death proportion were different. The monthly average abundance of male and copepodite carcasses significantly increased with their total abundance (

0.001)

whereas no such correlation was observed for females. The abundance of female carcasses peaked at 12.4 inds./m

in November but remained below 3.0 inds./m

in all other months. The monthly average death proportion ranged 0.3%–4.9% for females

3.6%–25.7% for males

and 2.6%–8.4% for copepodites. On average

the death proportion of males was 9.2 times greater than that of females and 3.5 times greater than that of copepodites. Therefore

significant sexual difference exists in the non-predatory mortality of

similis

and this difference is an important cause of the female-skewed sex ratios observed in the field.

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Keywords

references

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Sexual differences in the non-predatory mortality of Copepoda Oithona similis Claus, 1866: evidence from the death proportion in Jiaozhou Bay

DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4247-5

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references