Multi-locus phylogeny, morphological evolution and biogeography of Batrachospermaceae (Rhodophyta) based on multiple genetic sequences

Weinan GUO; Fangru NAN; Zhongshi HE; Xudong LIU; Yang LIU; Qi LIU; Jia FENG; Shulian XIE

doi:10.1007/s00343-025-4190-5

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Multi-locus phylogeny, morphological evolution and biogeography of Batrachospermaceae (Rhodophyta) based on multiple genetic sequences

Biology | Updated：2026-03-26

- Multi-locus phylogeny, morphological evolution and biogeography of Batrachospermaceae (Rhodophyta) based on multiple genetic sequences
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 44, Issue 1, Pages: 307-321(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Life Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  2.Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Author bio：
  
  xiesl@sxu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4190-5
  CLC：
- Received：14 July 2024，
  
  Accepted：19 December 2024，
  
  Online First：14 April 2025，
  
  Published：01 January 2026
- Accepted：
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GUO Weinan,NAN Fangru,HE Zhongshi,et al.Multi-locus phylogeny, morphological evolution and biogeography of Batrachospermaceae (Rhodophyta) based on multiple genetic sequences[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2026,44(01):307-321.
DOI：

GUO Weinan,NAN Fangru,HE Zhongshi,et al.Multi-locus phylogeny, morphological evolution and biogeography of Batrachospermaceae (Rhodophyta) based on multiple genetic sequences[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2026,44(01):307-321. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-025-4190-5.

摘要

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on Batrachospermaceae based on key taxonomic identifiers (

rbc

psa

psb

and COI-5P) from some genera. To systematically explore the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy within Batrachospermaceae

we integrated molecular and morphological data

and explored the phylogeny

character evolution

and ancestral geographical origin and provided a theoretical support for the classification and geographic origination of Batrachospermaceae. Our findings reveal distinct relationships within the phylogenetic tree. Notably

10 genera (

Sirodotia

Batrachospermum

Tuomeya

Volatus

Lympha

Nothocladus

Torularia

Sheathia

Nocturama

and

Petrohua

) are closely associated in the

rbc

L phylogenetic tree. Additionally

four genera (

Kumanoa

Hoefkenia

Notohesperus

and

Virescentia

) exhibit high support ratios

indicating their close interrelations. Other genera

inc

luding

Paludicola

Visia

Acarposporophycos

Macrosporophycos

Visioidea

Balliopsis

and

Psilosiphon

exhibit clustering traits. Furthermore

the multigene sequences provide a robust support for

Montagnia

that forms a monophyletic group. Ancestral reconstruction of morphological characters identifies nine primitive character states

including whorl

fascicle length

cortical cells

secondary fascicles

the shape of carpogonical branch

spermatangia

carposporophyte

carpogonium and trichogyne

with

Visia

likely representing ancestral traits in Batrachospermaceae. Furthermore

geographical origin maps suggest a potential common ancestral of Batrachospermaceae origin in the American continent. Additional to conventional analyses

including evolutionary and ancestral reconstruction investigations into key morphological characters

we attempt to reconstruct the biogeography within the Batrachospermaceae

thus contributing to a nuanced understanding of its origin.

关键词

Keywords

references

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