Combined toxicity effects of virgin/aged polyacrylonitrile microfibers and copper on fish <italic style="font-style: italic">Carassius</italic> <italic style="font-style: italic">auratus</italic> <italic style="font-style: italic">gibelio</italic>

Wenyan LU; Jiamei WANG; Peng YIN; Xinrui XU; Shuyuan ZHONG; Hui YANG; Yingying ZHANG

doi:10.1007/s00343-025-4175-4

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Combined toxicity effects of virgin/aged polyacrylonitrile microfibers and copper on fish Carassius auratus gibelio

Ecology | Updated：2025-12-16

- Combined toxicity effects of virgin/aged polyacrylonitrile microfibers and copper on fish Carassius auratus gibelio
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 43, Issue 6, Pages: 1862-1877(2025)
- Affiliations：
  
  College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Author bio：
  
  zhangyingying@yzu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4175-4
  CLC：
- Received：28 June 2024，
  
  Accepted：24 September 2024，
  
  Online First：08 January 2025，
  
  Published：01 November 2025
- Accepted：
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LU Wenyan,WANG Jiamei,YIN Peng,et al.Combined toxicity effects of virgin/aged polyacrylonitrile microfibers and copper on fish Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2025,43(06):1862-1877.
DOI：

LU Wenyan,WANG Jiamei,YIN Peng,et al.Combined toxicity effects of virgin/aged polyacrylonitrile microfibers and copper on fish Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2025,43(06):1862-1877. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-025-4175-4.

摘要

Abstract

The widespread production and use of plastic products have highlighted the ecological risks of microplastics (MPs). MPs

mainly as microfibers (MFs)

can carry various pollutants

and their properties may change over time

potentially affecting their interactions with pollutants. This study aims to compare the combined toxicity effects of virgin and aged MFs with the common heavy metal copper (Cu). Gibel carp

Carassius

auratus

gibelio

were exposed to 1 mg/L of virgin and aged polyacrylonitrile MFs (PanMfs) separately and in combination with Cu (0.5-mg/L copper sulfate) for 21 d. Results show that both aged and virgin PanMfs significantly reduced Cu accumulation in gibel carp

with no notable difference. Cu adversely affected the carp’s intestine and liver

while PanMfs alone had minimal histological impact but notably mitigated intestinal damage caused by Cu. Enzyme activity and gene expression analysis indicated that both PanMfs and Cu exposure

alone or combined

compromised gibel carp’s antioxidant capacity

digestive and liver functions

induced inflammation

and affected liver metabolism and intestinal immune response. Integrated biomarker response analysis of enzyme activity and gene expression showed that combined Cu and PanMfs exposure had a stronger impact on gibel carp than individual exposure. However

whether exposed individually or in combination

aged PanMfs had a slightly greater impact than virgin PanMfs. This study showed that PanMfs alone exhibit minimal toxic effects on gibel carp but significantly modify Cu toxicity

with negligible differences between aged and virgin PanMfs except for slight disparities in enzyme activity and gene expression.

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Keywords

references

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Combined toxicity effects of virgin/aged polyacrylonitrile microfibers and copper on fish Carassius auratus gibelio

DOI：10.1007/s00343-025-4175-4

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