Navigating the blue economy: a comprehensive review of marine pollution and sustainable approaches

Ini-Ibehe N. ETIM; Okpo O. EKERENAM; Alexander I. IKEUBA; Chigoziri N. NJOKU; Wilfred EMORI; Ruiyong ZHANG; Jizhou DUAN

doi:10.1007/s00343-024-4129-2

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Navigating the blue economy: a comprehensive review of marine pollution and sustainable approaches

Ecology | Updated：2025-08-07

- Navigating the blue economy: a comprehensive review of marine pollution and sustainable approaches
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 43, Issue 4, Pages: 1160-1182(2025)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  2.Marine Chemistry and Corrosion Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Akwa Ibom State University, Uyo PMB 1167, Nigeria
  3.Africa Centre of Excellence in Future Energies and Electrochemical Systems (ACE-FUELS), Federal University of Technology, Owerri PMB 1526, Nigeria
  4.Department of Biochemistry, School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi PMB 1055 Uyo, Nigeria
  5.Department of Mechanical, Materials & Aerospace Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV 26505, USA
  6.Materials Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar PMB 1115, Nigeria
  7.Environmental, Composite and Optimization Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri PMB 1526, Nigeria
  8.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
  9.Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Author bio：
  
  ininabuk@qdio.ac.cn
  ruiyong.zhang@qdio.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-024-4129-2
  CLC：
- Received：07 May 2024，
  
  Published：01 July 2025
- Accepted：
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ETIM Ini-Ibehe N.,EKERENAM Okpo O.,IKEUBA Alexander I.,et al.Navigating the blue economy: a comprehensive review of marine pollution and sustainable approaches[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2025,43(04):1160-1182.
DOI：

ETIM Ini-Ibehe N.,EKERENAM Okpo O.,IKEUBA Alexander I.,et al.Navigating the blue economy: a comprehensive review of marine pollution and sustainable approaches[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2025,43(04):1160-1182. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-024-4129-2.

摘要

Abstract

Marine pollution is a well-recognized phenomenon that has many negative effects on the marine environment. The effects of marine pollution are due to the discharge of hazardous materials

toxins

or other pollutants into the marine environment

which includes seas

estuaries

oceans

and other water bodies

and this unwanted input affects the blue economy. The blue economy

which includes industries and research associated with marine and ocean resources

is often affected by marine pollution on multiple levels

such as economic costs

direct resource impacts

health risks

and infrastructure damage. In one report

the pollution-related issues in many countries were estimated at 9 t/inh and clean-up costs between $12 to $160/t. More extensive pollution mitigation projects might take up to 15 years to conclude and cost up to $500/t. To better understand the role of marine pollution and its impact on the blue economy

some key parameters are discussed as follows: the role of biofouling

volatile organic compounds

the impact of metals

anionic pollutants

and antifouling coatings. The review findings also highlight the impact of marine pollution on ecosystems and associated economic activities

which could be reduced through measures such as better international cooperation

waste management

and the development of sustainable practices. Related information on the strategies and policies that could be adopted for sustainable blue economy are stated after each section.

关键词

Keywords

references

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