Detection of a mud volcano in the Weitan Banks area of the northern South China Sea

Wei LUO; Pin YAN; Yanlin WANG; Junhui YU; Qionghua WAN; Zhenbo ZHANG; Tao XUE

doi:10.1007/s00343-024-3111-3

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Detection of a mud volcano in the Weitan Banks area of the northern South China Sea

Geology | Updated：2024-11-19

- Detection of a mud volcano in the Weitan Banks area of the northern South China Sea
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 42, Issue 5, Pages: 1450-1469(2024)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510301, China
  2.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou511458, China
  3.CNOOC International Energy Services (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing100028, China
  4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
  5.Oilfield Engineering Research Institute of Geophysics, CNOOC Energy Technology and Services, Zhanjiang524057, China
- Author bio：
  
  yanpin@scsio.ac.cn
  jhyu@scsio.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-024-3111-3
  CLC：
- Received：09 June 2023，
  
  Online First：05 February 2024，
  
  Published：01 September 2024
- Accepted：
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LUO Wei,YAN Pin,WANG Yanlin,et al.Detection of a mud volcano in the Weitan Banks area of the northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2024,42(05):1450-1469.
DOI：

LUO Wei,YAN Pin,WANG Yanlin,et al.Detection of a mud volcano in the Weitan Banks area of the northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2024,42(05):1450-1469. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-024-3111-3.

摘要

Abstract

Situated between the petroliferous Cenozoic Zhujiang (Pearl) River Mouth Basin and the mud volcano-rich Mesozoic Dongsha Basin in the middle sector of the northern South China Sea

the Weitan Banks area has been previously mapped as a basement high that is composed of Mesozoic magmatic rocks. In this study

we present several favorable indicators for petroleum geology that were detected from geophysical profiling and benthic sampling in the area. A conspicuous hill was discovered

named “Zhongwei Hill”

~80 m high above the ~340 m deep seafloor and ~1 km broad

in a depression with more than 7 km thick sedimentary strata. The Zhongwei Hill was seismically imaged with a mushroom-shaped structure and containing a cake-like crown

fluid flow pipes

and an ~10 km broad anticline at depth. Thus

the hill represents a source-plumbing-eruption system. Shallow gas zones linked to deep fracture were found at or near the hill. Stratigraphic correlation indicates that the deep strata comprise the Jurassic and Paleogene strata

the major hosts of hydrocarbon source rocks. In addition to the hill

there are number of mounds from which three bottom water samples were collected and the samples are rich in dissolved methane with concentrations high up to ~900 nmol/L

much higher than the background level (0.5–2 nmol/L). The benthic samples are rich in coarse sediment clastics

authigenic carbonate nodules

and deep-water habitats likely feeding on methanotrophic community. Given these observations and the context

we propose that the Zhongwei Hill represents a mud volcano

likely thermally driven

that seeps methane from Jurassic and Paleogene source layers

thus poses a favorable clue for significant hydrocarbon generation capacity in transitional zone of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin and the Dongsha Basin.

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