Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models

Xue HAN; Junqiao FENG; Yunlong LU; Dunxin HU

doi:10.1007/s00343-023-2315-2

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models

Physics | Updated：2024-10-15

- Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 42, Issue 1, Pages: 24-40(2024)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  2.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  4.Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  5.Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Author bio：
  
  fengjunqiao@qdio.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-023-2315-2
  CLC：
- Received：06 September 2022，
  
  Accepted：20 October 2022，
  
  Online First：23 December 2022，
  
  Published：03 January 2024
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
HAN Xue,FENG Junqiao,LU Yunlong,et al.Research Paper Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2024,42(01):24-40.
DOI：

HAN Xue,FENG Junqiao,LU Yunlong,et al.Research Paper Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2024,42(01):24-40. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-023-2315-2.

摘要

Abstract

The Pacific subtropical cells (STCs) are shallow meridional overturning circulations connecting the tropics and subtropics

and are assumed to be an important driver of the tropical Pacific decadal variability. The variability of STCs under global warming is investigated using multimodal outputs from the latest phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6) and ocean reanalysis products. Firstly

the volume transport diagnostic analysis is employed to evaluate how coupled models and ocean reanalysis products reproduce interior STC transport. The variation of heat transport by the interior STC under the high-emissions warming scenarios is also analyzed. The results show that the multimodal-mean linear trends of the interior STC transport along 9°S and 9°‍N are -0.02 Sv/a and 0.04 Sv/a under global warming

respectively

which is mainly due to the combined effect of the strengthened upper oceanic stratification and the weakening of wind field. There is a compensation relationship between the interior STC and the western boundary transport in the future climate

and the compensation relationship of 9°S is more significant than that of 9°‍N. In addition

compared with ocean reanalysis products

the coupled models tend to underestimate the variability of the interior STC transport convergence

and thus may lose some sea surface temperature (SST) driving force

which may be the reason for the low STC-SST correlation simulated by the model. The future scenario simulation shows that the heat transport of interior STC is weakened under global warming

with a general agreement across models.

关键词

Keywords

references

Behringer D , Xue Y . 2004 . Evaluation of the global ocean data assimilation system at NCEP: The Pacific Ocean . In: Eighth Symposium on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface, AMS 84th Annual Meeting, Washington State Convention and Trade Center . Seattle, Washington. p. 11 - 15 , https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/70720.pdf https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/70720.pdf .

Capotondi A , Alexander M , Deser C et al . 2005 . Anatomy and decadal evolution of the Pacific subtropical-tropical cells (STCs) . Journal of Climate , 18 ( 18 ): 3739 - 3758 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3496.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3496.1

Chen H C , Sui C H , Tseng Y H et al . 2015a . An analysis of the linkage of Pacific subtropical cells with the recharge-discharge processes in ENSO evolution . Journal of Climate , 28 ( 9 ): 3786 - 3805 , http://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00134.1 http://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00134.1 .

Chen L , Li T , Yu Y Q . 2015b . Causes of strengthening and weakening of ENSO amplitude under global warming in four CMIP5 models . Journal of Climate , 28 ( 8 ): 3250 - 3274 , https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00439.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00439.1 .

Chen L , Wang L , Li T et al . 2019 . Drivers of reduced ENSO variability in mid-Holocene in a coupled model . Climate Dynamics , 52 ( 9 ): 5999 - 6014 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4496-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4496-5 .

Cheng L , Abraham J , Trenberth K E et al . 2021 . Upper Ocean Temperatures Hit Record High in 2020 . Advances in Atmospheric Sciences , 38 ( 4 ), 523 - 530 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x .

Cheng W , McPhaden M J , Zhang D X et al . 2007 . Recent changes in the Pacific subtropical cells inferred from an eddy-resolving ocean circulation model . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 37 ( 5 ): 1340 - 1356 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO3051.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO3051.1 .

Collins M . 2005 . El Niño- or La Niña-like climate change? Climate Dynamics , 24 ( 1 ): 89 - 104 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0478-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0478-x .

England M R , Polvani L M , Sun L T et al . 2020 . Tropical climate responses to projected Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice loss . Nature Geoscience , 13 ( 4 ): 275 - 281 , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0546-9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0546-9 .

Eyring V , Bony S , Meehl G A et al . 2016 . Overview of the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization . Geoscientific Model Development , 9 ( 5 ): 1937 - 1958 , https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016 .

Farneti R , Dwivedi S , Kucharski F et al . 2014a . On pacific subtropical cell variability over the second half of the twentieth century . Journal of Climate , 27 ( 18 ): 7102 - 7112 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00707.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00707.1 .

Farneti R , Molteni F , Kucharski F . 2014b . Pacific interdecadal variability driven by tropical-extratropical interactions . Climate Dynamics , 42 ( 11-12 ): 3337 - 3355 , http://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1906-6 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1906-6 .

Farneti R . 2017 . Modelling interdecadal climate variability and the role of the ocean . WIREs Climate Change , 8 ( 1 ): e441 , https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.441 https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.441 .

Feng J Q , Hu D X , Jin F F et al . 2018 . The different relationship of Pacific interior subtropical cells and two types of ENSO . Journal of Oceanography , 74 ( 5 ): 523 - 539 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-018-0478-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-018-0478-9 .

Feng M , McPhaden M J , Lee T . 2010 . Decadal variability of the Pacific subtropical cells and their influence on the southeast Indian Ocean . Geophysical Research Letters , 37 ( 9 ): L09606 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042796 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042796 .

Fine R A , Peterson W H , Östlund H G . 1987 . The penetration of tritium into the tropical Pacific . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 17 ( 5 ): 553 - 564 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0553:TPOTIT>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0553:TPOTIT>2.0.CO;2.

Fine R A , Reid J L , Östlund H G . 1981 . Circulation of tritium in the Pacific Ocean . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 11 ( 1 ): 3 - 14 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0003:COTITP>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0003:COTITP>2.0.CO;2.

Fu Y , Brandt P , Tuchen F P et al . 2022 . Representation of the mean Atlantic subtropical cells in CMIP6 models . Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 127 ( 3 ): e2021 JC 018191 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018191 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018191 .

Graffino G , Farneti R , Kucharski F et al . 2019 . The effect of wind stress anomalies and location in driving Pacific subtropical cells and tropical climate . Journal of Climate , 32 ( 5 ): 1641 - 1660 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0071.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0071.1 .

Graffino G , Farneti R , Kucharski F . 2021 . Low-frequency variability of the Pacific subtropical cells as reproduced by coupled models and ocean reanalyses . Climate Dynamics , 56 ( 9 ): 3231 - 3254 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05639-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05639-6 .

Gu D F , Philander S G H . 1997 . Interdecadal climate fluctuations that depend on exchanges between the tropics and extratropics . Science , 275 ( 5301 ): 805 - 807 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5301.805 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5301.805 .

Hazeleger W , Seager R , Cane M A et al . 2004 . How can tropical Pacific Ocean heat transport vary? Journal of Physical Oceanography , 34 ( 1 ): 320 - 333 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0320:HCTPOH>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0320:HCTPOH>2.0.CO;2.

Hazeleger W , Visbeck M , Cane M et al . 2001 . Decadal upper ocean temperature variability in the tropical Pacific . Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 106 ( C5 ): 8971 - 8988 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000536 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000536 .

Hong L Y , Zhang L P , Chen Z H et al . 2014 . Linkage between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the low frequency variability of the Pacific subtropical cell . Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 119 ( 6 ): 3464 - 3477 , https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009650 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009650 .

Huang R X , Wang Q . 2001 . Interior communication from the subtropical to the tropical oceans . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 31 ( 12 ): 3538 - 3550 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<3538:ICFTST>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<3538:ICFTST>2.0.CO;2.

Izumo T . 2005 . The equatorial undercurrent, meridional overturning circulation, and their roles in mass and heat exchanges during El Niño events in the tropical Pacific Ocean . Ocean Dynamics , 55 ( 2 ): 110 - 123 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-005-0115-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-005-0115-1 .

Kleeman R , McCreary J P , Klinger B A . 1999 . A mechanism for generating ENSO decadal variability . Geophysical Research Letters , 26 ( 12 ): 1743 - 1746 , https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900352 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900352 .

Klinger B A , Marotzke J . 2000 . Meridional heat transport by the subtropical cell . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 30 ( 4 ): 696 - 705 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<0696:MHTBTS>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<0696:MHTBTS>2.0.CO;2.

Knutson T R , Manabe S . 1998 . Model assessment of decadal variability and trends in the tropical Pacific Ocean . Journal of Climate , 11 ( 9 ): 2273 - 2296 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2273:MAODVA>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2273:MAODVA>2.0.CO;2.

Kriegler E , Bauer N , Popp A et al . 2017 . Fossil-fueled development (SSP5): an energy and resource intensive scenario for the 21st century . Global Environmental Change , 42 : 297 - 315 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.015 .

Lee T , Fukumori I . 2003 . Interannual-to-decadal variations of tropical-subtropical exchange in the Pacific Ocean: boundary versus interior pycnocline transports . Journal of Climate , 16 ( 24 ): 4022 - 4042 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4022:IVOTEI>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4022:IVOTEI>2.0.CO;2.

Levitus S , Antonov J I , Boyer T P et al . 2000 . Warming of the world ocean . Science , 287 ( 5461 ): 2225 - 2229 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5461.2225 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5461.2225 .

Li G C , Cheng L J , Zhu J et al . 2020 . Increasing ocean stratification over the past half century . Nature Climate Change , 10 : 1116 - 1123 , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00918-2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00918-2 .

Liu Z Y , Alexander M . 2007 . Atmospheric bridge, oceanic tunnel, and global climatic teleconnections . Reviews of Geophysics , 45 ( 2 ): RG 2005 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000172 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000172 .

Liu Z Y , Philander S G H , Pacanowski R C . 1994 . A GCM study of tropical-subtropical upper-ocean water exchange . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 24 ( 12 ): 2606 - 2623 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<2606:AGSOTU>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<2606:AGSOTU>2.0.CO;2.

Lohmann K , Latif M . 2005 . Tropical Pacific decadal variability and the subtropical-tropical cells . Journal of Climate , 18 ( 23 ): 5163 - 5178 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3559.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3559.1 .

Lübbecke J F , Böning C W , Biastoch A . 2008 . Variability in the subtropical-tropical cells and its effect on near-surface temperature of the equatorial Pacific: a model study . Ocean Science , 4 ( 1 ): 73 - 88 , https://doi.org/10.5194/os-4-73-2008 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-4-73-2008 .

Luo Y Y , Rothstein L M , Zhang R H . 2009 . Response of Pacific subtropical-tropical thermocline water pathways and transports to global warming . Geophysical Research Letters , 36 ( 4 ): L04601 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036705 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036705 .

Jr McCreary J P , Lu P . 1994 . Interaction between the subtropical and equatorial ocean circulations: the subtropical cell . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 24 ( 2 ): 466 - 497 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0466:IBTSAE>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0466:IBTSAE>2.0.CO;2.

McPhaden M J , Zhang D X . 2002 . Slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation in the upper Pacific Ocean . Nature , 415 ( 6872 ): 603 - 608 , https://doi.org/10.1038/415603a https://doi.org/10.1038/415603a .

McPhaden M J , Zhang D X . 2004 . Pacific Ocean circulation rebounds . Geophysical Research Letters , 31 ( 18 ): L18301 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020727 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020727 .

Merryfield W J , Boer G J . 2005 . Variability of upper Pacific Ocean overturning in a coupled climate model . Journal of Climate , 18 ( 5 ): 666 - 683 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-3282.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-3282.1 .

Nonaka M , Xie S P , McCreary J . 2002 . Decadal variations in the subtropical cells and equatorial Pacific SST . Geophysical Research Letters , 29 ( 7 ): 1116 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013717 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013717 .

Nonaka M , Xie S P . 2000 . Propagation of North Pacific interdecadal subsurface temperature anomalies in an ocean GCM . Geophysical Research Letters , 27 ( 22 ): 3747 - 3750 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011488 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011488 .

O'Neill B C , Tebaldi C , Van Vuuren D P et al . 2016 . The scenario model intercomparison project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6 . Geoscientific Model Development , 9 ( 9 ): 3461 - 3482 , https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3461-2016 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3461-2016 .

Park W , Keenlyside N , Latif M et al . 2009 . Tropical Pacific climate and its response to global warming in the Kiel Climate Model . Journal of Climate , 22 ( 1 ): 71 - 92 , https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2261.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2261.1 .

Peng Q H , Xie S P , Wang D X et al . 2022 . Surface warming-induced global acceleration of upper ocean currents . Science Advances , 8 ( 16 ): eabj8394 . http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj8394 http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj8394 .

Pierce D W , Barnett T P , Latif M . 2000 . Connections between the Pacific Ocean tropics and midlatitudes on decadal timescales . Journal of Climate , 13 ( 6 ): 1173 - 1194 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1173:CBTPOT>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1173:CBTPOT>2.0.CO;2.

Rabe B , Schott F A , Köhl A . 2008 . Mean circulation and variability of the tropical Atlantic during 1952-2001 in the GECCO assimilation fields . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 38 ( 1 ): 177 - 192 , https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JPO3541.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JPO3541.1 .

Riahi K , Van Vuuren D P , Kriegler E et al . 2017 . The shared socioeconomic pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: an overview . Global Environmental Change , 42 : 153 - 168 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009 .

Roemmich D , Gilson J . 2009 . The 2004-2008 mean and annual cycle of temperature, salinity, and steric height in the global ocean from the Argo Program . Progress in Oceanography , 82 ( 2 ): 81 - 100 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.03.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.03.004 .

Rothstein L M , Zhang R H , Busalacchi A J et al . 1998 . A numerical simulation of the mean water pathways in the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 28 ( 2 ): 322 - 343 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0322:ANSOTM>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0322:ANSOTM>2.0.CO;2.

Schneider N , Miller A J , Alexander M A et al . 1999 . Subduction of decadal North Pacific temperature anomalies: observations and dynamics . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 29 ( 5 ): 1056 - 1070 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1056:SODNPT>2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1056:SODNPT>2.0.CO;2.

Schott F A , Jr McCreary J P , Johnson G C . 2004 . Shallow overturning circulations of the tropical-subtropical oceans . In: Wang C, Xie S P, Carton J A eds. Earth's Climate: the Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction . American Geophysical Union, Washington. p. 261 - 304 , https://doi.org/10.1029/147GM15 https://doi.org/10.1029/147GM15 .

Schott F A , Stramma L , Wang W Q et al . 2008 . Pacific subtropical cell variability in the SODA 2.0.2/3 assimilation . Geophysical Research Letters , 35 ( 10 ): L10607 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033757 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033757 .

Solomon A , Zhang D X . 2006 . Pacific subtropical cell variability in coupled climate model simulations of the late 19th-20th century . Ocean Modelling , 15 ( 3-4 ): 236 - 249 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.03.007 .

Tuchen F P , Lübbecke J F , Brandt P et al . 2020 . Observed transport variability of the Atlantic subtropical cells and their connection to tropical sea surface temperature variability . Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 125 ( 12 ): e2020 JC 016592 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016592 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016592 .

Tuchen F P , Lübbecke J F , Schmidtko S et al . 2019 . The atlantic subtropical cells inferred from observations . Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 124 ( 11 ): 7591 - 7605 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015396 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015396 .

Wang D W , Cane M A . 2011 . Pacific shallow meridional overturning circulation in a warming climate . Journal of Climate , 24 ( 24 ): 6424 - 6439 , https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4100.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4100.1 .

Xie S P , Deser C , Vecchi G A et al . 2010 . Global warming pattern formation: sea surface temperature and rainfall . Journal of Climate , 23 ( 4 ): 966 - 986 , https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1 .

Yang C X , Giese B S , Wu L X . 2014 . Ocean dynamics and tropical Pacific climate change in ocean reanalyses and coupled climate models . Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 119 ( 10 ): 7066 - 7077 , https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC009979 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC009979 .

Yuan D L , Zhang Z C , Chu P C et al . 2014 . Geostrophic circulation in the tropical North Pacific Ocean based on Argo profiles . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 44 ( 2 ): 558 - 575 , https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0230.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0230.1 .

Zeller M , McGregor S , Spence P . 2019 . Hemispheric asymmetry of the Pacific shallow meridional overturning circulation . Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 124 ( 8 ): 5765 - 5786 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014840 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014840 .

Zhang D X , McPhaden M J . 2006 . Decadal variability of the shallow Pacific meridional overturning circulation: relation to tropical sea surface temperatures in observations and climate change models . Ocean Modelling , 15 ( 3-4 ): 250 - 273 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.12.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.12.005 .

Zilberman N V , Roemmich D H , Gille S T . 2013 . The mean and the time variability of the shallow meridional overturning circulation in the tropical South Pacific Ocean . Journal of Climate , 26 ( 12 ): 4069 - 4087 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00120.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00120.1 .

Zuo H , Balmaseda M A , Tietsche S et al . 2019 . The ECMWF operational ensemble reanalysis-analysis system for ocean and sea ice: a description of the system and assessment . Ocean Science , 15 ( 3 ): 779 - 808 , https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-779-2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-779-2019 .

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Climate changes drive phytoplankton community through complementarity and selection effects in a large mesotrophic reservoir

Zooplankton community composition in summers of 2021 and 2022 in the northern East China Sea and Yellow Sea, and their linkage with abiotic and biotic factors

Reduction of thermal stratification due to global warming in winter and spring

Involvement of the ammonium assimilation mediated by glutamate dehydrogenase in response to heat stress in the scleractinian coralPocillopora damicornis

Numerical Studies on Effects of V-Shaped Leading Edge on Incident Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction

Related Author

Dunxin HU

Yunlong LU

Junqiao FENG

Xue HAN

Xiaoli SHI

Siwen CHEN

Qi YE

Yue WU

Related Institution

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)

School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University

China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰