A low-cost in-situ CO<sub>2</sub> sensor based on a membrane and NDIR for long-term measurement in seawater

Meng LI; Baolu DU; Jinjia GUO; Zhihao ZHANG; Zeyu LU; Rong'er ZHENG

doi:10.1007/s00343-021-1133-7

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

A low-cost in-situ CO₂ sensor based on a membrane and NDIR for long-term measurement in seawater

Chemistry | Updated：2023-05-20

- A low-cost in-situ CO₂ sensor based on a membrane and NDIR for long-term measurement in seawater
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 40, Issue 3, Pages: 986-998(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  2.R&D Center for Marine Instruments and Apparatuses, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Author bio：
  
  Jinjia GUO, opticsc@ouc.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-021-1133-7
  CLC：
- Published：2022-03
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Meng LI, Baolu DU, Jinjia GUO, et al. A low-cost in-situ CO₂ sensor based on a membrane and NDIR for long-term measurement in seawater[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(3): 986-998.
DOI：

Meng LI, Baolu DU, Jinjia GUO, et al. A low-cost in-situ CO₂ sensor based on a membrane and NDIR for long-term measurement in seawater[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(3): 986-998. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-021-1133-7.

摘要

Abstract

The multi-point simultaneous long-term measurement of CO

concentration in seawater can provide more-valuable data for further understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of CO

. Thus

the requirement for a low-cost sensor with high precision

low power consumption

and a small size is becoming urgent. In this work

an in-situ sensor for CO

detection in seawater

based on a permeable membrane and non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) technology

is developed. The sensor has a small size (Ф 66 mm×124 mm)

light weight (0.7 kg in air)

low power consumption (

0.9 W)

low cost (

US$1 000)

and high-pressure tolerance (

200 m). After laboratory performance tests

the sensor was found to have a measurement range of (0–2 000)×10

-6

and the gas linear correlation

is 0.99

with a precision of about 0.98% at a sampling rate of 1 s. A comparison measurement was carried out with a commercial sensor in a pool for 7 days

and the results showed a consistent trend. Further

the newly developed sensor was deployed in Qingdao nearshore water for 35 days. The results proved that the sensor could measure the dynamic changes of CO

concentration in seawater continuously

and had the potential to carry out long-term observations on an oceanic platform. It is hoped that the sensor could be applied to field ocean observations in near future.

关键词

Keywords

references

Bindoff N L, Cheung W W L, Kairo J G, Arístegui J, Guinder V A, Hallberg R, Hilmi N, Jiao N, Karim M S, Levin L, O'Donoghue S, Cuicapusa S R P, Rinkevich B, Suga T, Tagliabue A and Williamson P. 2019. Changing ocean, marine ecosystems, and dependent communities. In : IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. IPCC. p. 477-587.

Biogeneral. 2021. Teflon™ AF 2400, https://www.biogeneral.com/teflon-af/ https://www.biogeneral.com/teflon-af/ .

Blackstock J M, Covington M D, Perne M, Myre J M. 2019. Monitoring atmospheric, soil, and dissolved CO 2 using a low-cost, arduino monitoring platform (CO2-LAMP): theory, fabrication, and operation. Frontiers in Earth Science , 7 : 313, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00313.

Burnett W C, Aggarwal P K, Aureli A, Bokuniewicz H, Cable J E, Charette M A, Kontar E, Krupa S, Kulkarni K M, Loveless A, Moore W S, Oberdorfer J A, Oliveira J, Ozyurt N, Povinec P, Privitera A M G, Rajar R, Ramessur R T, Scholten J, Stieglitz T, Taniguchi M, Turner J V. 2006. Quantifying submarine groundwater discharge in the coastal zone via multiple methods. Science of the Total Environment , 367 (2-3): 498-543, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.05.009..

Burnett W C, Dulaiova H. 2003. Estimating the dynamics of groundwater input into the coastal zone via continuous radon-222 measurements. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity , 69 (1-2): 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(03)00084-5..

Charette M A. 2007. Hydrologic forcing of submarine groundwater discharge: insight from a seasonal study of radium isotopes in a groundwater-dominated salt marsh estuary. Limnology and Oceanography , 52 (1): 230-239, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.1.0230..

Cheng D X. 2008. Handbook of Mechanical Design. 5 th edn. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, China. p. 310-311. (in Chinese)

Chua E J, Savidge W, Short R T, Cardenas-Valencia A M, Fulweiler R W. 2016. A review of the emerging field of underwater mass spectrometry. Frontiers in Marine Science , 3 : 209, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00209..

Clarke J S, Achterberg E P, Connelly D P, Schuster U, Mowlem M. 2017. Developments in marine p CO 2 measurement technology; towards sustained in situ observations. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry , 88 : 53-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2016.12.008..

Fiedler B, Fietzek P, Vieira N, Silva P, Bittig H C, Körtzinger A. 2013. In situ CO 2 and O 2 measurements on a profiling float. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology , 30 (1): 112-126, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00043.1..

Fietzek P, Kramer S, Esser D. 2011. Deployments of the HydroC TM (CO 2 /CH 4 ) on stationary and mobile platforms - Merging trends in the field of platform and sensor development. In : OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA. IEEE, Waikoloa, HI, USA. p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107129 https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107129 . .

Fritzsche E, Staudinger C, Fischer J P, Thar R, Jannasch H W, Plant J N, Blum M, Massion G, Thomas H, Hoech J, Johnson K S, Borisov S M, Klimant I. 2018. A validation and comparison study of new, compact, versatile optodes for oxygen, pH and carbon dioxide in marine environments. Marine Chemistry , 207 : 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.10.009..

Hu Q N, Zhang X, Wang B, Wang C B, Luan Z D, Chen C, Yan J. 2015. In situ detection of CO 2 /CH 4 dissolved in vent-associated seawater at the CLAM and Iheya North hydrothermal vents area, Okinawa Trough. In : OCEANS 2015 - Genova . IEEE, Genova, Italy. p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS-Genova.2015.7271436 https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS-Genova.2015.7271436 . .

Johnson J E. 1999. Evaluation of a seawater equilibrator for shipboard analysis of dissolved oceanic trace gases. Analytica Chimica Acta , 395 (1-2): 119-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00361-X..

Millero F J. 1995. Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide system in the oceans. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 59 (4): 661-677, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)00354-O..

Moore W S. 1996. Large groundwater inputs to coastal waters revealed by 226 Ra enrichments. Nature , 380 (6575): 612-614, https://doi.org/10.1038/380612a0..

Park H, Chung S. 2018. p CO 2 dynamics of stratified reservoir in temperate zone and CO 2 pulse emissions during turnover events. Water , 10 (10): 1347, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101347..

Pro Oceanus. 2019. Technical note 1.1: dissolved CO 2 and units of measurement. https://pro-oceanus.com/images/pdf/PSITechnicalNote1.1-DissolvedCO2andUnitsofMeasurement2019.pdf https://pro-oceanus.com/images/pdf/PSITechnicalNote1.1-DissolvedCO2andUnitsofMeasurement2019.pdf . Accessed on 2021-02-08. .

Pro Oceanus. 2021a. Mini CO 2 Submersible pCO 2 Sensor. https://pro-oceanus.com/products/mini-series/mini-co2 https://pro-oceanus.com/products/mini-series/mini-co2 . Accessed on 2021-02-08. .

Pro Oceanus. 2021b. Solu-Blu™ Dissolved CO 2 Probe. https://pro-oceanus.com/products/solu-blu-series/solu-blu-co2 https://pro-oceanus.com/products/solu-blu-series/solu-blu-co2 . Accessed on 2021-02-08. .

Santos I R, Maher D T, Eyre B D. 2012. Coupling automated radon and carbon dioxide measurements in coastal waters. Environmental Science and Technology , 46 (14): 7685-7691, https://doi.org/10.1021/es301961b..

Santos I R, Maher D T, Larkin R, Webb J R, Sanders C J. 2019. Carbon outwelling and outgassing vs. burial in an estuarine tidal creek surrounded by mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands. Limnology and Oceanography , 64 (3): 996-1013, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11090..

Schar D, Atkinson M, Johengen T, Pinchuk A, Purcell H, Robertson C, Smith G J and Tamburri M. 2009a. Performance Demonstration Statement Pro-Oceanus Systems Inc. PSI CO 2 -Pro TM . Alliance for Coastal Technologies, Solomons, MD, https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-343 https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-343 . .

Schar D, Atkinson M, Johengen T, Pinchuk A, Purcell H, Robertson C, Smith G J and Tamburri M. 2009b. Performance Demonstration Statement Contros HydroC TM /CO 2 . Alliance for Coastal Technology, Solomons, MD, https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-341 https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-341 . .

Schar D, Atkinson M, Johengen T, PinchukA, Purcell H, Robertson C, Smith G J and Tamburri M. 2009c. Performance Demonstration Statement PMEL MAPCO 2 /Battelle Seaology pCO 2 Monitoring System. Alliance for Coastal Technology, Solomons, MD, https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-342 https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-342 . .

Schar D, Atkinson M, Johengen T, Pinchuk A, Purcell H, Robertson C, Smith G J and Tamburri M. 2009d. Performance Demonstration Statement Sunburst Sensors SAMI-CO 2 . Alliance for Coastal Technology, Solomons, MD, https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-344 https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-344 . .

Takahashi T, Olafsson J, Goddard J G, Chipman D W, Sutherland S C. 1993. Seasonal variation of CO 2 and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans: a comparative study. Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 7 (4): 843-878, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GB02263..

Takahashi T, Sutherland S C, Wanninkhof R, Sweeney C, Feely R A, Chipman D W, Hales B, Friederich G, Chavez F, Sabine C, Watson A, Bakker D C E, Schuster U, Metzl N, Yoshikawa-Inoue H, Ishii M, Midorikawa T, Nojiri Y, Körtzinger A, Steinhoff T, Hoppema M, Olafsson J, Arnarson T S, Tilbrook B, Johannessen T, Olsen A, Bellerby R, Wong C S, Delille B, Bates N R, De Baar H J W. 2009. Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean p CO 2 , and net sea-air CO 2 flux over the global oceans. Deep Sea Research Part II : Topical Studies in Oceanography , 56 (8-10): 554-577, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009..

Tamburri M N, Johengen T H, Atkinson M J, Schar D W H, Robertson C Y, Purcell H, Smith G J, Pinchuk A, Buckley E N. 2011. Alliance for coastal technologies: advancing moored p CO 2 instruments in coastal waters. Marine Technology Society Journal , 45 (1): 43-51, https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.45.1.4.

Totland C, Eek E, Blomberg A E A, Waarum I K, Fietzek P, Walta A. 2020. The correlation between p O 2 and p CO 2 as a chemical marker for detection of off shore CO 2 leakage. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control , 99 : 103085, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103085..

Turner Designs. 2021. C-sense in situ pCO 2 Sensor. https://www.turnerdesigns.com/c-sense-in-situ-pco2-sensor https://www.turnerdesigns.com/c-sense-in-situ-pco2-sensor . Accessed on 2021-02-08. .

Wanninkhof R, Pickers P A, Omar A M, Sutton A, Murata A, Olsen A, Stephens B B, Tilbrook B, Munro D, Pierrot D, Rehder G, Santana-Casiano J M, Müller J D, Trinanes J, Tedesco K, O'brien K, Currie K, Barbero L, Telszewski M, Hoppema M, Ishii M, González-Dávila M, Bates N R, Metzl N, Suntharalingam P, Feely R A, Nakaoka S I, Lauvset S K, Takahashi T, Steinhoff T, Schuster U. 2019. A surface ocean CO 2 reference network, SOCONET and associated marine boundary layer CO 2 measurements. Frontiers in Marine Science , 6 : 400, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00400..

Waterston J, Rhea J, Peterson S, Bolick L, Ayers J, Ellen J. 2019. Ocean of things: aff ordable maritime sensors with scalable analysis. In : OCEANS 2019-Marseille. IEEE, Marseille, France. p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2019.8867398 https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2019.8867398 . .

Weiss R F, Price B A. 1980. Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater. Marine Chemistry , 8 (4): 347-359, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(80)90024-9..

Weiss R F. 1974. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Marine Chemistry , 2 (3): 203-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(74)90015-2..

Wu Y X, Dai M H, Guo X H, Chen J S, Xu Y, Dong X, Dai J W, Zhang Z R. 2021. High-frequency time-series autonomous observations of sea surface p CO 2 and pH. Limnology and Oceanography , 66 (3): 588-606, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11625..

Yin J P, Wang Y S, Xu J R, Sun S. 2006. Adavances of studies on marine carbon cycle. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 26 (2): 566-575. (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhai W D, Dai M H, Cai W J, Wang Y C, Wang Z H. 2005. High partial pressure of CO 2 and its maintaining mechanism in a subtropical estuary: the Pearl River estuary, China. Marine Chemistry , 93 (1): 21-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.07.003..

Zhang Y, Santos I R, Li H L, Wang Q Q, Xiao K, Guo H M, Wang X J. 2020. Submarine groundwater discharge drives coastal water quality and nutrient budgets at small and large scales. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 290 : 201-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.08.026..

Zhang Z H, Li M, Guo J J, Du B L, Zheng R E. 2021. A portable tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system for dissolved CO 2 detection using a high-efficiency headspace equilibrator. Sensors , 21 (5): 1723, https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051723..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Adsorption of dimethyl trisulfide from aqueous solution on a low-cost adsorbent: thermally activated pinecone

Parametric Model of Lubricant Particle Trajectory inAnnulus Inter-Spools

Analysis Procedure and Numerical Simulation of Failure Probability of Turbine Disk Caused by Defects

Numerical Study of High Bypass Ratio Fan/BoosterStage with Inlet Distortion

Multivariable Constrained Model Predictive Control ofAero-Engine Based on Augmented Predictive Model

Related Author

Jingge Shang

Wei He

Chengxin Fan

Related Institution

Department of Environmental Science China Pharmaceutical University

State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Shanghai Investigation and Design and Research Institute

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰

A low-cost in-situ CO2 sensor based on a membrane and NDIR for long-term measurement in seawater

DOI：10.1007/s00343-021-1133-7

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

A low-cost in-situ CO₂ sensor based on a membrane and NDIR for long-term measurement in seawater