Bacterial community composition in gut content and ambient sediment of two tropical wild sea cucumbers (<italic style="font-style: italic">Holothuria atra</italic> and <italic style="font-style: italic">H. leucospilota</italic>)

Fei GAO; Yue ZHANG; Peilin WU; Mengling CHEN; Linwen HE; Qiang XU; Aimin WANG

doi:10.1007/s00343-021-1001-5

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Bacterial community composition in gut content and ambient sediment of two tropical wild sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota)

Aquaculture and Fisheries | Updated：2023-04-27

- Bacterial community composition in gut content and ambient sediment of two tropical wild sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota)
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 40, Issue 1, Pages: 360-372(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
  2.Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Author bio：
  
  Qiang XU, E-mail: xuqianghnu@hainanu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-021-1001-5
  CLC：
- Received：03 January 2021，
  
  Accepted：14 January 2021，
  
  Online First：02 February 2021，
  
  Published：2022-01
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Fei GAO, Yue ZHANG, Peilin WU, et al. Bacterial community composition in gut content and ambient sediment of two tropical wild sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota)[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(1): 360-372.
DOI：

Fei GAO, Yue ZHANG, Peilin WU, et al. Bacterial community composition in gut content and ambient sediment of two tropical wild sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota)[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(1): 360-372. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-021-1001-5.

摘要

Abstract

Sea cucumbers play an important role in sediment bioturbation in coral reef and rocky intertidal ecosystems

and bacteria were a commonly-reported component of holothuroid diets. Bacterial community composition in the foregut and hindgut of two common tropical sea cucumbers (

Holothuria atra

and

H. leucospilota

) and the ambient surface sediment were investigated using high throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. A total of 5 584 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from 25 samples based on a 97% threshold

and more than half of the OTUs (

=3 694

66.2%) were shared by the gut contents of two species of sea cucumbers and surrounding sediments. Bacterial richness and diversity in sediment samples were significantly higher than those in the gut content samples (

0.05). Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in most samples showing 45.69%±8.61%

70.09%±4.03%

45.88%±5.38%

and 55.19%±0.79% reads in the foregut of

H. leucospilota

hindgut of

H. leucospilota

hindgut of

H. atra

and sediment libraries

respectively

but Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum with the relative content of 34.98%±5.52% in the foregut of

H. atra

. Among the dominant genera

reads related to the genera

Anderseniella

Ilumatobacter

and

Ruegeria

were detected in all the gut contents and sediment libraries. A comparison of gut bacteria community between the two species of sea cucumbers suggested that

H. atra

had stronger feeding preference than

H. leucospilota

and the same types of microbes escaped digestion of the two sea cucumber species. Obvious different bacterial community composition in the foreguts of the two species of sea cucumbers and the surrounding sediments might result from the animal's selective feeding for sediment patches. Bacterial community structure in hindgut contents of

H. atra

and

H. leucospilota

both differed clearly from adjacent sediments

which indicated feeding activity of deposit-feeding sea cucumbers could change the sedimental bacterial composition. In conclusion

from the perspective of bacteria

sea cucumber

H. atra

and

H. leucospilota

had different feeding preferences

yet they could both affect bacterial composition in sediments by feeding activity. The motivation for selective feeding and sea cucumber-sediment interaction might be explored in the future.

关键词

Keywords

references

T Amaro , H Witte , G J Herndl , M R Cunha , D S M Billett . Deep-sea bacterial communities in sediments and guts of deposit-feeding holothurians in Portuguese canyons (NE Atlantic) . Deep Sea Research Part Ⅰ Océanographie Research Papers , 2009 . 56 ( 10 ): 1 834 - 1 843 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.05.014 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.05.014 .

R M W Amon , G J Herndl . Deposit feeding and sediment: Ⅰ. interrelationship between Holothuria tubulosa ( Holothurioida, Ech'modermata ) and the sediment microbial community . Marine Ecology , 1991 . 12 ( 2 ): 163 - 174 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.1991.tb00250.x http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1991.tb00250.x .

D R Arahal , T Lucena , L Rodrigo-Torres , M J Pujalte . Ruegeria denitrificans sp. nov., a marine bacterium in the family rhodobacteraceae with the potential ability for cyanophycin synthesis . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology , 2018 . 68 ( 8 ): 2 515 - 2 522 . DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002867 http://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002867 .

J Baek , J H Kim , A Sukhoom , W Kim . Ruegeria sediminis sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology , 2020 . 70 ( 5 ): 3 055 - 3 061 . DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004128 http://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004128 .

Billett D S M, Llewellyn D, Watson J. 1988. Are deep-sea holothurians selective feeders? In: Burke R D, Mladenov P V, Lambert P, Parsley R L eds. Echinoderm Biology: Proceedings of the 6 th International Echinoderm Conference. Balkema, Rotterdam. p. 421-429.

K Bonham , E E Held . Ecological observations on the sea cucumbers Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota at Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Islands . Pacific Science , 1963 . 17 ( 3 ): 305 - 314 . .

S Bordbar , F Anwar , N Saari . High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods-A Review . Marine Drugs , 2011 . 9 ( 10 ): 1 761 - 1 805 . DOI: 10.3390/md9101761 http://doi.org/10.3390/md9101761 .

C Chi , J Y Liu , S Z Fei , C Zhang , Y Q Chang , X L Liu , G X Wang . Effect of intestinal autochthonous probiotics isolated from the gut of sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus ) on immune response and growth of A. japonicus . Fish & Shellfish Immunology , 2014 . 38 ( 2 ): 367 - 373 . .

C Conand . Tropical sea cucumber fisheries: changes during the last decade . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 2018 . 133 590 - 594 . DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.014 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.014 .

M Custodio , A Ordinola-Zapata , C Espinoza , E Vieyra-Peña , R Peñaloza , H Sánchez-Suárez , T Peralta-Ortiz . Metagenomic data on the composition of bacterial communities in lake environment sediments for fish farming by next generation Illumina sequencing . Data in Brief , 2020 . 32 106228 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106228 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106228 .

M Darya , M M Sajjadi , M Yousefzadi , I Sourinejad , M Zarei . Antifouling and antibacterial activities of bioactive extracts from different organs of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota . Helgoland Marine Research , 2020 . 74 ( 1 ): 4 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-020-0536-8 http://doi.org/10.1186/s10152-020-0536-8 .

J W Deming , R R Colwell . Barophilic bacteria associated with digestive tracts of Abyssal Holothurians . Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 1982 . 44 ( 5 ): 1 222 - 1 230 . DOI: 10.1128/aem.44.5.1222-1230.1982 http://doi.org/10.1128/aem.44.5.1222-1230.1982 .

R C Edgar , B J Haas , J C Clemente , C Quince , R Knight . UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection . Bioinformatics , 2011 . 27 ( 16 ): 2 194 - 2 200 . DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381 http://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381 .

R C Edgar . UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads . Nature Methods , 2013 . 10 ( 10 ): 996 - 998 . DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2604 http://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2604 .

A Y Esmat , M M Said , A A Soliman , K S H El-Masry , E A Badiea . Bioactive compounds, antioxidant potential, and hepatoprotective activity of sea cucumber ( Holothuria atra ) against thioacetamide intoxication in rats . Nutrition , 2013 . 29 ( 1 ): 258 - 267 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.004 .

P V Fankboner . Suspension-feeding mechanisms of the armoured sea cucumber Psolus chitinoides Clark . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 1978 . 31 ( 1 ): 11 - 25 . DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(78)90133-8 http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(78)90133-8 .

G G Foster , A N Hodgson . Feeding, tentacle and gut morphology in five species of southern African intertidal holothuroids (Echinodermata) . South African Journal of Zoology , 1996 . 31 ( 2 ): 70 - 79 . DOI: 10.1080/02541858.1996.11448396 http://doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1996.11448396 .

F Gao , F H Li , J Tan , J P Yan , H L Sun . Bacterial community composition in the gut content and ambient sediment of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus revealed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing . PLoS One , 2014a . 9 ( 6 ): e100092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100092 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100092 .

F Gao , J Tan , H L Sun , J P Yan . Bacterial diversity of gut content in sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus) and its habitat surface sediment . Journal of Ocean University of China , 2014b . 13 ( 2 ): 303 - 310 . DOI: 10.1007/s11802-014-2078-7 http://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-014-2078-7 .

F Gao , Q Xu , H S Yang . Seasonal variations of food sources in Apostichopus japonicus indicated by fatty acid biomarkers analysis . Journal of Fisheries of China , 2010 . 34 ( 5 ): 760 - 767 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231.2010.06768 http://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1231.2010.06768 .

S Gao , L Q Pan , F Huang , M S Song , C C Tian , M Y Zhang . Metagenomic insights into the structure and function of intestinal microbiota of the farmed pacific white shrimp ( litopenaeus vannamei ) . Aquaculture , 2019 . 499 109 - 118 . DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.026 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.026 .

S A Gerlach . Food-chain relationships in subtidal silty sand marine sediments and the role of meiofauna in stimulating bacterial productivity . Oecologia , 1978 . 33 ( 1 ): 55 - 69 . DOI: 10.1007/BF00376996 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00376996 .

L S Hammond . Nutrition of deposit-feeding holothuroids and echinoids (Echinodermata) from a shallow reef lagoon, Discovery Bay, Jamaica . Marine Ecology-Progress Series , 1983 . 10 297 - 305 . DOI: 10.3354/meps010297 http://doi.org/10.3354/meps010297 .

H Han , Y H Yi , L Li , X H Wang , B S Liu , P Sun , M X Pan . A new triterpene glycoside from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota . Chinese Chemical Letters , 2007 . 18 ( 2 ): 161 - 164 . DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2006.12.027 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2006.12.027 .

A Hatmanti , P Purwati . Bacteria associated holothurians: the key of habitat preference, diet, and functions . Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis , 2011 . 3 ( 1 ): 73 - 81 . .

E Hauksson . Feeding biology of Stichopus tremulus , a deposit-feeding holothurian . Sarsia , 1979 . 64 ( 3 ): 155 - 160 . DOI: 10.1080/00364827.1979.10411376 http://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1979.10411376 .

M Hess , A Sczyrba , R Egan , T W Kim , H Chokhawala , G Schroth , S J Luo , D S Clark , F Chen , T Zhang , R I Mackie , L A Pennacchio , S G Tringe , A Visel , T Woyke , Z Wang , E M Rubin . Metagenomic discovery of biomassdegrading genes and genomes from cow rumen . Science , 2011 . 331 ( 6016 ): 463 - 467 . DOI: 10.1126/science.1200387 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200387 .

W Huang , D Huo , Z Yu , C Ren , X Jiang , P Luo , T Chen , C Hu . Spawning, larval development and juvenile growth of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota . Aquaculture , 2018 . 488 22 - 29 . DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.013 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.013 .

H A H Ibrahim . Antibacterial carotenoids of three Holothuria species in Hurghada, Egypt . The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research , 2012 . 38 ( 3 ): 185 - 194 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ejar.2013.01.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2013.01.004 .

X Jia , L Wang , Y H Zhao , C Y Zhang , X D Li . Soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere of Robinia pseudoacacia L. after being exposed to elevated atmospheric CO 2 and cadmium for 4 years . Applied Soil Ecology , 2020 . 154 103661 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103661 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103661 .

J Kim , D Y Kim , K H Yang , S Kim , S S Lee . Ruegeria lutea sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment, Masan Bay, South Korea . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology , 2019 . 69 ( 9 ): 2 854 - 2 861 . DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003568 http://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003568 .

T Kitisin , W Suphamungmee , K Meemon . Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16 . Journal of Food Biochemistry , 2019 . 43 ( 12 ): e13075 .

N N Liu , S S Zhang , W W Zhang , C H Li . Vibrio sp. 33 a potential bacterial antagonist of Vibrio splendidus pathogenic to sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus ) . Aquaculture , 2017 . 470 68 - 73 . DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.12.028 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.12.028 .

T MacTavish , J Stenton-Dozey , K Vopel , C Savage . Deposit-feeding sea cucumbers enhance mineralization and nutrient cycling in organically-enriched coastal sediments . PLoS One , 2012 . 7 ( 11 ): e50031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050031 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050031 .

Mangion P, Taddei D, Conand C, Frouin P. 2004. Feeding rate and impact of sediment reworking by two deposit feeders Holothuria leucospilota and Holothuria atra on a fringing reef (Reunion Island, Indian Ocean). In: Echinoderms: Munchen: Proceedings of the 11 th International Echinoderm Conference. London: CRC Press.

M Martin . Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads . EMBnet Journal , 2011 . 17 ( 1 ): 10 - 12 . DOI: 10.14806/ej.17.1.200 http://doi.org/10.14806/ej.17.1.200 .

S L McLellan , S M Huse , S R Mueller-Spitz , E N Andreishcheva , M L Sogin . Diversity and population structure of sewage-derived microorganisms in wastewater treatment plant influent . Environmental Microbiology , 2010 . 12 ( 2 ): 378 - 392 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02075.x http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02075.x .

P L Mfilinge , M Tsuchiya . Changes in sediment fatty acid composition during passage through the gut of deposit feeding holothurians: Holothuria atra (Jaeger, 1883) and Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt, 1835) . Journal of Lipids , 2016 . 2016 4579794 .

K Michio , K Kengo , K Yasunori , M Hitoshi , Y Takayuki , Y Hideaki , S Hiroshi . Effects of deposit feeder Stichopus japonicus on algal bloom and organic matter contents of bottom sediments of the enclosed sea . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 2003 . 47 ( 1-6 ): 118 - 125 . DOI: 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00411-3 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00411-3 .

D J W Moriarty . Feeding of Holothuria atra and Stichopus chloronotus on bacteria, organic carbon and organic nitrogen in sediments of the Great Barrier Reef . Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 1982 . 33 ( 2 ): 255 - 263 . DOI: 10.1071/MF9820255 http://doi.org/10.1071/MF9820255 .

M Mußmann , P Pjevac , K Krüger , S Dyksma . Genomic repertoire of the Woeseiaceae /JTB255, cosmopolitan and abundant core members of microbial communities in marine sediments . The ISME Journal , 2017 . 11 ( 5 ): 1 276 - 1 281 . DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.185 http://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.185 .

P Paliaga , M Korlević , I Ivančić , M Najdek . Limited influence of primary treated sewage waters on bacterial abundance, production and community composition in coastal seawaters . Marine Environmental Research , 2017 . 131 215 - 226 . DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.09.012 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.09.012 .

D L Paltzat , C M Pearce , P A Barnes , R S McKinley . Growth and production of California sea cucumbers ( Parastichopus californicus Stimpson) co-cultured with suspended Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) . Aquaculture , 2008 . 275 ( 1-4 ): 124 - 137 . DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.014 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.014 .

P Pandiyan , D Balaraman , R Thirunavukkarasu , E G J George , K Subaramaniyan , S Manikkam , B Sadayappan . Probiotics in aquaculture . Drug Invention Today , 2013 . 5 ( 1 ): 55 - 59 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.03.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dit.2013.03.003 .

N W Phillips . Role of different microbes and substrates as potential suppliers of specific, essential nutrients to marine detritivores . Bulletin of Marine Science , 1984 . 35 ( 3 ): 283 - 298 . .

Purcell S W, Samyn Y, Conand C. 2012. Commercially important Sea Cucumbers of the World. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 6. FAO, Rome.

Purcell S W. 2010. Managing Sea Cucumber Fisheries with An Ecosystem Approach. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 520, FAO, Rome.

S Purcell , C Conand , S Uthicke , M Byrne . Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers . Oceanography and Marine Biology , 2016 . 54 367 - 386 . .

K M M Rahiman , Y Jesmi , A P Thomas , A A M Hatha . Probiotic effect of Bacillus NL110 and Vibrio NE17 on the survival, growth performance and immune response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) . Aquaculture Research , 2010 . 41 ( 9 ): e120 - e134 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02473.x http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02473.x .

D Roberts . Deposit-feeding mechanisms and resource partitioning in tropical holothurians . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 1979 . 37 ( 1 ): 43 - 56 . DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(79)90025-X http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(79)90025-X .

K Schneider , J Silverman , B Kravitz , T Rivlin , A Schneider-Mor , S Barbosa , M Byrne , K Caldeira . Inorganic carbon turnover caused by digestion of carbonate sands and metabolic activity of holothurians . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 2013 . 133 217 - 223 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.08.029 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.08.029 .

F R Silva-Aciares , P O Carvajal , C A Mejías , C E Riquelme . Use of macroalgae supplemented with probiotics in the Haliotis rufescens (Swainson, 1822) culture in Northern Chile . Aquaculture Research , 2011 . 42 ( 7 ): 953 - 961 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02678.x http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02678.x .

N A Sloan , B von Bodungen . Distribution and feeding of the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus in relation to shelter and sediment criteria of the Bermuda Platform . Marine Ecology-Progress Series , 1980 . 2 257 - 264 . DOI: 10.3354/meps002257 http://doi.org/10.3354/meps002257 .

T B Smith . Tentacular ultrastructure and feeding behaviour of Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothuroidea: dendrochirota) . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 1983 . 63 ( 2 ): 301 - 311 . DOI: 10.1017/S0025315400070697 http://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400070697 .

Y Sun , D Chen . The microbial composition of Stichopus japonicus and its physiological property . Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica , 1989 . 20 ( 4 ): 300 - 307 . .

Y Uchino , A Hirata , A Yokota , J Sugiyama . Reclassification of marine agrobacterium species: proposals of Stappia stellulata gen. nov., comb. nov., Stappia aggregata sp. nov., nom. rev., Ruegeria atlantica gen. nov., comb. nov., Ruegeria gelatinovora comb. nov., Ruegeria algicola comb. nov., and Ahrensia kieliense gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev . The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology , 1998 . 44 ( 3 ): 201 - 210 . DOI: 10.2323/jgam.44.201 http://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.44.201 .

S Uthicke . Sediment bioturbation and impact of feeding activity of Holothuria (Halodeima) atra and Stichopus chloronotus , two sediment feeding holothurians, at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef . Bulletin of Marine Science , 1999 . 64 ( 1 ): 129 - 141 . .

F Vidal-Ramirez , S Dove . Diurnal effects of Holothuria atra on seawater carbonate chemistry in a sedimentary environment . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 2016 . 474 156 - 163 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.10.007 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.10.007 .

V Viyakarn , S Chavanich , E Heery , C Raksasab . Distribution of sea cucumbers, Holothuria atra , on reefs in the upper Gulf of Thailand and the effect of their population densities on sediment microalgal productivity . Estuarine, Coastal and ShelfScience , 2020 . 235 106514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106514 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106514 .

L Wang , X W Zhao , H C Xu , X Y Bao , X J Liu , Y Q Chang , J Ding . Characterization of the bacterial community in different parts of the gut of sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus ) and its variation during gut regeneration . Aquaculture Research , 2018 . 49 ( 5 ): 1 987 - 1 996 . DOI: 10.1111/are.13654 http://doi.org/10.1111/are.13654 .

Y Wang , Y T Liu , J N Wang , T W Luo , R Zhang , J Sun , Q Zheng , N Z Jiao . Seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities in the surface seawater around subtropical Xiamen island, china, as determined by 16S rRNA gene profiling . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 2019 . 142 135 - 144 . DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.035 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.035 .

N Ward-Rainey , F A Rainey , E Stackebrandt . A study of the bacterial flora associated with Holothuria atra . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 1996 . 203 ( 1 ): 11 - 26 . DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(96)02566-X http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(96)02566-X .

F Warnecke , P Luginbühl , N Ivanova , M Ghassemian , T H Richardson , J T Stege , M Cayouette , A C McHardy , G Djordjevic , N Aboushadi , R Sorek , S G Tringe , M Podar , H G Martin , V Kunin , D Dalevi , J Madejska , E Kirton , D Platt , E Szeto , A Salamov , K Barry , N Mikhailova , N C Kyrpides , E G Matson , E A Ottesen , X N Zhang , M Hernández , C Murillo , L G Acosta , I Rigoutsos , G Tamayo , B D Green , C Chang , E M Rubin , E J Mathur , D E Robertson , P Hugenholtz , J R Leadbetter . Metagenomic and functional analysis of hindgut microbiota of a woodfeeding higher termite . Nature , 2007 . 450 ( 7169 ): 560 - 565 . DOI: 10.1038/nature06269 http://doi.org/10.1038/nature06269 .

B Wen , Q F Gao , C Zhang , S L Dong , H B Yu , W D Li , Z M Li . Effects of seasonal changes in the composition of pond sediment on food sources of cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus indicated by fatty acid biomarkers . Journal of Fisheries of China , 2016 . 40 ( 11 ): 1 724 - 1 731 . .

J Wen , C Q Hu , L P Zhang , S G Fan . Genetic identification of global commercial sea cucumber species on the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequences . Food Control , 2011 . 22 ( 1 ): 72 - 77 . DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.06.010 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.06.010 .

WoRMS, 2020. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=browser&id=148744#focus http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=browser&id=148744#focus .

Y L Xue , F Gao , Q Xu , D J Huang , A M Wang , T Sun . Study on feeding selection of environmental sediments and digestive function adaptability of Holothuria atra . Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica , 2019 . 50 ( 5 ): 1 070 - 1 079 . .

H S Yang , J F Hamel , A Mercier . The Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: History, Biology and Aquaculture , : Cambridge Academic Press , 2015 .

J Y Yingst . The utilization of organic matter in shallow marine sediments by an epibenthic deposit-feeding holothurian . Journal of Experimental Marine Biologyand Ecology , 1976 . 23 ( 1 ): 55 - 69 . DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(76)90085-X http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(76)90085-X .

X C Zhang , T Nakahara , M Miyazaki , Y Nogi , S Taniyama , O Arakawa , T Inoue , T Kudo . Diversity and function of aerobic culturable bacteria in the intestine of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota . The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology , 2012 . 58 ( 6 ): 447 - 456 . DOI: 10.2323/jgam.58.447 http://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.58.447 .

F Q Zhao , Q B Liu , J Cao , Y S Xu , Z S Pei , H F Fan , Y Q Yuan , X R Shen , C Li . A sea cucumber ( Holothuria leucospilota ) polysaccharide improves the gut microbiome to alleviate the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Goto-Kakizaki rats . Food and Chemical Toxicology , 2020 . 135 110886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110886 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.110886 .

Zhao P. 2010. Basic Study on Feeding Selectivity of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus . Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Characterization of microbial communities in sediments of the South Yellow Sea

Ecological effects of co-culturing the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in an earthen pond

Distribution, source, and sink of microplastics in the nearshore-estuarine systems of the South China Sea basin

Chemical weathering and hydrological control of the silicon concentration and morphology in the Huanghe River Basin

Regional geochemical baseline establishment, heavy metal pollution assessment and investigation of its variation in response to human activities in mangrove intertidal sediments in Hainan, China

Related Author

Ye CHEN

Siqi LI

Xiaoqing XU

Manman MA

Tiezhu MI

Yu ZHEN

Zhigang YU

Shun Zhou

Related Institution

College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China

Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)

Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China

Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰

Bacterial community composition in gut content and ambient sediment of two tropical wild sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota)

DOI：10.1007/s00343-021-1001-5

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references