Environmental influence on transparent exopolymer particles and the associated carbon distribution across northern South China Sea

M. Shahanul ISLAM; Jun SUN; Haijiao LIU; Guicheng ZHANG

doi:10.1007/s00343-020-0236-x

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Environmental influence on transparent exopolymer particles and the associated carbon distribution across northern South China Sea

Updated：2023-05-20

- Environmental influence on transparent exopolymer particles and the associated carbon distribution across northern South China Sea
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 39, Issue 4, Pages: 1430-1446(2021)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology University, Tianjin 300457, China
  2.Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  3.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Author bio：
  
  Jun SUN, E-mail:phytoplankton@163.com
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-020-0236-x
  CLC：
- Received：08 June 2020，
  
  Accepted：03 August 2020，
  
  Online First：05 October 2020，
  
  Published：2021-07
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
M. Shahanul ISLAM, Jun SUN, Haijiao LIU, et al. Environmental influence on transparent exopolymer particles and the associated carbon distribution across northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2021, 39(4): 1430-1446.
DOI：

M. Shahanul ISLAM, Jun SUN, Haijiao LIU, et al. Environmental influence on transparent exopolymer particles and the associated carbon distribution across northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2021, 39(4): 1430-1446. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-020-0236-x.

摘要

Abstract

Microgels are plankton-derived transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and have a significant impact on global marine carbon cycle. We investigated the influence of biogeochemical variables on the pattern of TEP abundance and its associated carbon (TEP

) distribution through a vertical transect of the northern South China Sea (nSCS) during summer

2014. The average TEP concentration was 58.32±30.56 μg Xeq./L. Vertically

it was higher in the subsurface water column and lower at 200-m water depths. As chlorophyll

(chl

)

TEP

and TEP

were highly concentrated at the bottom of the study transect

mainly on the continental shelf bottom and slope regions. Among biotic factors

cyanobacteria

especially

Trichodesmium thiebautii

showed significant positive correspondences with TEP through studied water columns in nSCS. In addition

TEP showed a positive correlation with chl-

distribution and clustered closely with diatom as well. It indicates a combined contribution of them on TEP sourcing accordingly. Nutrient concentrations were also high due to estuarine diluted water from Zhujiang (Pearl) River in the season that may intrigue those scenarios. Significant positive correlation (

0.05) among biotic and abiotic parameters also supported the statement. Furthermore

mentionable contribution of TEP-derived TEP

was found after comparing the particulate organic carbon data

which may signify the importance of TEP in local carbon cycle in the nSCS.

关键词

Keywords

references

Alldredge A L, Passow U, Logan B E. 1993. The abundance and significance of a class of large, transparent organic particles in the ocean. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers , 40 (6): 1 131-1 140.

Bar-Zeev E, Berman T, Rahav E, Dishon G, Herut B, Kress N, Berman-Frank I. 2011. Transparent exopolymer particle(TEP) dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 431 : 107-118.

Bar-Zeev E, Berman-Frank I, Stambler N, Domínguez E V, Zohary T, Capuzzo E, Meeder E, Suggett D J, Iluz D, Dishon G, Berman T. 2009. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) link phytoplankton and bacterial production in the Gulf of Aqaba. Aquatic Microbial Ecology , 56 (2-3): 217-225.

Berman-Frank I, Rosenberg G, Levitan O, Haramaty L, Mari X. 2007. Coupling between autocatalytic cell death and transparent exopolymeric particle production in the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Environmental Microbiology , 9 (6): 1 415-1 422.

Bhaskar P V, Bhosle N B. 2006. Dynamics of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) and particle-associated carbohydrates in the Dona Paula bay, west coast of India. Journal of Earth System Science , 115 : 403-413.

Burd A B, Jackson G A. 2009. Particle aggregation. Annual Review of Marine Science , 1 : 65-90.

Carpenter E J. 1983. Physiology and ecology of marine plankton Oscillatoria ( Trichodesmium ). Marine Biology Letters , 4 : 69-85.

Chen C C, Kwo S F, Chung S W, Liu K K. 2006. Winter phytoplankton blooms in the shallow mixed layer of the South China Sea enhanced by upwelling. Journal of Marine Systems , 59 (1-2): 97-110.

Chin W C, Orellana M V, Verdugo P. 1998. Spontaneous assembly of marine dissolved organic matter into polymer gels. Nature , 391 (6667): 568-572.

Choi J W, Kim B J, Zhang R H, Park K J, Kim J Y, Cha Y, Nam J C. 2016. Possible relation of the western North Pacific monsoon to the tropical cyclone activity over western North Pacific. International Journal of Climatology , 36 (9): 3 334-3 345.

Corzo A, Rodríguez-Gálvez S, Lubian L, Sangrá P, Martínez A, Morillo J A. 2005. Spatial distribution of transparent exopolymer particles in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Journal of Plankton Research , 27 (7): 635-646.

de Vicente I, Ortega-Retuerta E, Mazuecos I P, Pace M L, Cole J J, Reche I. 2010. Variation in transparent exopolymer particles in relation to biological and chemical factors in two contrasting lake districts. Aquatic Sciences , 72 (4): 443-453.

Ding R Q, Li J P, Tseng Y H, Li L J, Sun C, Xie F. 2018. Influences of the North Pacific Victoria Mode on the South China Sea summer monsoon. Atmosphere , 9 (6): 229.

Engel A, Passow U. 2001. Carbon and nitrogen content of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in relation to their Alcian Blue adsorption. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 219 : 1-10.

Engel A. 2002. Direct relationship between CO 2 uptake and transparent exopolymer particles production in natural phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research , 24 (1): 49-53.

Engel A. 2004. Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and their potential significance for aggregation processes. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers , 51 (1): 83-92.

Gan J P, Cheung A, Guo X G, Li L. 2009. Intensified upwelling over a widened shelf in the northeastern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 114 (C9): C09019.

García C M, Prieto L, Vargas M, Echevarría F, García-Lafuente J, Ruiz J, Rubín J P. 2002. Hydrodynamics and the spatial distribution of plankton and TEP in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula). Journal of Plankton Research , 24 (8): 817-833.

Guo S J, Feng, Y Y, Wang L, Dai M H, Liu Z L, Bai Y, Sun J. 2014. Seasonal variation in the phytoplankton community of a continental-shelf sea: the East China Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 516 : 103-126.

Guo S J, Sun J. 2018. Sinking rates and export flux of transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) in an eutrophic coastal sea: a case study in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary. BioRxiv , 357053, https://doi.org/10.1101/357053 https://doi.org/10.1101/357053 .

He L J, Mukai T, Chu K H, Ma Q, Zhang J. 2015. Biogeographical role of the Kuroshio Current in the amphibious mudskipper Periophthalmus modestus indicated by mitochondrial DNA data. Scientific Reports , 5 : 15645, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15645.

He W, Chen M L, Schlautman M A, Hur J. 2016. Dynamic exchanges between DOM and POM pools in coastal and inland aquatic ecosystems: a review. Science of the Total Environment , 551 : 415-428.

Hong Y, Smith W O Jr, White A M. 1997. Studies on transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) produced in the Ross Sea(Antarctica) and by Phaeocystis antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae). Journal of Phycology , 33 (3): 368-376.

Hu J Y, Kawamura H, Hong H S, Qi Y Q. 2000. A review on the currents in the South China Sea: seasonal circulation, South China Sea Warm Current and Kuroshio intrusion. Journal of Oceanography , 56 (6): 607-624.

Hu Z F, Tan Y H, Song X Y, Zhou L B, Lian X P, Huang L M, He Y H. 2014. Influence of mesoscale eddies on primary production in the South China Sea during spring intermonsoon period. Acta Oceanologica Sinica , 33 (3): 118-128.

Huangfu J L, Chen W, Wang X, Huang R H. 2018. The role of synoptic-scale waves in the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon. Atmospheric Science Letters , 19 (11): e858.

Iuculano F, Mazuecos I P, Reche I, Agustí S. 2017. Prochlorococcus as a possible source for transparent exopolymer particles (TEP). Frontiers in Microbiology , 8 : 709.

Jennings M K, Passow U, Wozniak A S, Dennis A, Hansell D A. 2017. Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles(TEP) across an organic carbon gradient in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry , 190 : 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.01.002.

Jiao N Z, Liang Y T, Zhang Y Y, Liu J H, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhao M X, Dai M H, Zhai W D, Gao K S, Song J M, Yuan D L, Li C, Lin G H, Huang X P, Yan H Q, Hu L M, Zhang Z H, Wang L, Cao C J, Luo Y W, Luo T W, Wang N N, Dang H Y, Wang D X, Zhang S. 2018. Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans. Science China Earth Sciences , 61 (11): 1 535-1 563, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9190-x.

Kodama T, Kurogi H, Okazaki M, Jinbo T, Chow S, Tomoda T, Ichikawa T, Watanabe T. 2014. Vertical distribution of transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) concentration in the oligotrophic western tropical North Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 513 : 29-37.

Liu H J, Xue B, Feng Y Y, Zhang R, Chen M R, Sun J. 2016. Size-fractionated chlorophyll a biomass in the northern South China Sea in summer 2014. Chinese Journal of Oceanology Limnology , 34 (4): 672-682.

Liu S M, Li R H, Zhang G L, Wang D R, Du J Z, Herbeck L S, Zhang J, Ren J L. 2011. The impact of anthropogenic activities on nutrient dynamics in the tropical Wenchanghe and Wenjiaohe Estuary and Lagoon system in East Hainan, China. Marine Chemistry , 125 (1-4): 49-68.

Liu Z F, Li X J, Colin C, Ge H M. 2010. A high-resolution clay mineralogical record in the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum, and its time series provenance analysis. Chinese Science Bulletin , 55 (35): 4 058-4 068.

Ma L L, Chen M, Guo L D, Lin F, Tong J L. 2012. Distribution and source of transparent exopolymer particles in the northern Bering sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica , 34 (5): 81-90. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Ma W, Sun J. 2014. Characteristics of phytoplankton community in the northern South China Sea in summer and winter. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 34 (3): 621-632. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Malpezzi M A, Sanford L P, Crump B C. 2013. Abundance and distribution of transparent exopolymer particles in the estuarine turbidity maximum of Chesapeake Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 486 : 23-35.

Mao J Y, Chan J C L. 2005. Intraseasonal variability of the South China Sea summer monsoon. Journal of Climate , 18 (13): 2 388-2 402.

Mari X, Passow U, Migon C, Burd A B, Legendre L. 2017. Transparent exopolymer particles: effects on carbon cycling in the ocean. Progress in Oceanography , 151 : 13-37.

Mari X. 1999. Carbon content and C: N ratio of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) produced by bubbling exudates of diatoms. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 183 : 59-71.

Miller M J, Chikaraishi Y, Ogawa N O, Yamada Y, Tsukamoto K, Ohkouchi N. 2013. A low trophic position of Japanese eel larvae indicates feeding on marine snow. Biology Letters , 9 : 20120826.

Ni H G, Lu F H, Luo X L, Tian H Y, Zeng E Y. 2008. Riverine inputs of total organic carbon and suspended particulate matter from the Pearl River Delta to the coastal ocean off South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin , 56 (6): 1 150-1 157.

Ortega-Retuerta E, Duarte C M, Reche I. 2010. Significance of bacterial activity for the distribution and dynamics of transparent exopolymer particles in the Mediterranean Sea. Microbial Ecology , 59 (4): 808-818.

Ortega-Retuerta E, Reche I, Pulida-Villena E, Agustí S, Duarte C M. 2009. Uncoupled distributions of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and dissolved carbohydrates in the Southern Ocean. Marine Chemistry , 115 (1-2): 59-65.

Passow U, Alldredge A L, Logan B E. 1994. The role of particulate carbohydrate exudates in the flocculation of diatom blooms. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers , 41 (2): 335-357.

Passow U, Alldredge A L. 1994. Abiotic formation of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) from polysaccharides excreted by phytoplankton. Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. . 207 : 1-78.

Passow U, Alldredge A L. 1995. A dye-binding assay for the spectrophotometric measurement of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP). Limnology and Oceanography , 40 (7): 1 326-1 335.

Passow U, Shipe R F, Murray A, Pak D K, Brzezinski M A, Alldredge A L. 2001. The origin of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and their role in the sedimentation of particulate matter. Continental Shelf Research , 21 (4): 327-346, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00101-1.

Passow U. 2000. Formation of transparent exopolymer particles, TEP, from dissolved precursor material. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 192 : 1-11.

Passow U. 2002. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in aquatic environments. Progress in Oceanography , 55 (3-4): 287-333.

Peng A G, Huang Y P. 2007. Study on TEP and its relationships with uranium, thorium, polonium isotopes in Jiulong Estuary. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science) , 46 (S1): 38-42. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Peng X, Ning X R, Sun J, Le F F. 2006. Responses of phytoplankton growth on nutrient enrichments in the northern South China Sea. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 26 (12): 3 959-3 968. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Prieto L, Navarro G, Cózar A, Echevarría F, García C M. 2006. Distribution of TEP in the euphotic and upper mesopelagic zones of the southern Iberian coasts. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography , 53 (11-13): 1 314-1 328.

Radić T, Kraus R, Fuks D, Radić J, Pečar O. 2005. Transparent exopolymeric particles' distribution in the northern Adriatic and their relation to microphytoplankton biomass and composition. Science of the Total Environment , 353 (1-3): 151-161.

Ramaiah N, Yoshikawa T, Furuya K. 2001. Temporal variations in transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) associated with a diatom spring bloom in a subarctic Ria in Japan. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 212 : 79-88.

Shu Y, Zhang G C, Sun J. 2018. The distribution and origin of transparent exopolymer particles at the PN section in the East China Sea. Haiyang Xuebao , 40 (8): 110-119. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Sibuet J C, Yeh Y C, Lee C S. 2016. Geodynamics of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics , 692 : 98-119.

Su J L. 2005. Overview of the South China Sea circulation and its dynamics. Acta Oceanologica Sinica , 27 (6): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Sun C C, Wang Y S, Li Q P, Yue W Z, Wang Y T, Sun F L, Peng Y L. 2012. Distribution characteristics of transparent exopolymer particles in the Pearl River estuary, China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences , 117 (G4): G00N17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG001951.

Sun C C, Wang Y S, Wu M L, Li N, Lin L, Somg H, Wang Y T, Deng C, Peng Y L, Sun F L, Li C L. 2010. Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles in the Pearl River estuary in summer. Journal of Topical Oceanography , 29 (5): 81-87. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Sun J, Liu D Y, Qian S B. 2002. A quantative research and analysis method for marine phytoplankton: an introduction to Utermöhl method and its modification. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas , 20 (2): 105-112. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Surosz W, Palińska K A, Rutkowska A. 2006. Production of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae Ol-K10. Oceanologia , 48 (3): 385-394.

Ter-Braak C J F, Šmilauer P. 2002. CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (Version 4. 5). Microcomputer Power, Wageningen.

Thornton D C O, Brooks S D, Chen J. 2016. Protein and carbohydrate exopolymer particles in the sea surface microlayer (SML). Frontiers of Marine Science , 3 : 135.

Thornton D C O, Chen J. 2017. Exopolymer production as a function of cell permeability and death in a diatom( Thalassiosira weissflogii ) and a cyanobacterium( Synechococcus elongatus ). Journal of Phycology , 53 (2): 245-260.

Tian Y, Wang Q. 2010. Definition of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology , 28 (6): 1 281-1 289.

Tseng Y H, Lin H Y, Chen H C, Thompson K, Bentsen M, Böning C W, Bozec A, Cassou C, Chassignet E, Chow C H, Danabasoglu G, Danilov S, Farneti R, Fogli P G, Fujii Y, Griffies S M, Ilicak M, Jung T, Masina S, Navarra A, Patara L, Samuels B L, Scheinert M, Sidorenko D, Sui C H, Tsujino H, Valcke S, Voldoire A, Wang Q, Yeager S G. 2016. North and equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation in the CORE-II hindcast simulations. Ocean Modelling , 104 : 143-170.

Turner J T. 2002. Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow and sinking phytoplankton blooms. Aquatic Microbial Ecology , 27 : 57-102.

Turner J T. 2015. Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow, phytodetritus and the ocean's biological pump. Progress in Oceanography , 130 : 205-248.

Vicente Villardón J L. 2015. MULTBIPLOT: A package for Multivariate Analysis using Biplots. Departamento de Estadística. Universidad de Salamanca.

Welschmeyer N A. 1994. Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments. Limnology and Oceanography , 39 (8): 1 985-1 992.

Wetz M S, Robbins M C, Paerl H W. 2009. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in a river-dominated estuary: spatial-temporal distributions and an assessment of controls upon TEP formation. Estuaries and Coasts , 32 (3): 447-455.

Wong G T F, Ku T L, Mulholland M, Tseng C M, Wang D P. 2007. The Southeast Asian time-series study (SEATS) and the biogeochemistry of the South China Sea-An overview. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography , 54 (14-15): 1 434-1 447.

Wurl O, Holmes M. 2008. The gelatinous nature of the seasurface microlayer. Marine Chemistry , 110 (1-2): 89-97.

Wurl O, Miller L, Röttgers R, Vagle S. 2009. The distribution and fate of surface-active substances in the sea-surface microlayer and water column. Marine Chemistry , 115 (1-2): 1-9.

Wurl O, Miller L, Vagle S. 2011. Production and fate of transparent exopolymer particles in the ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 116 (C7): C00H13.

Xie S P, Xie Q, Wang D X, Liu W T. 2003. Summer upwelling in the South China Sea and its role in regional climate variations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 108 (C8): 3261.

Xu H, Xie S P, Wang Y, Zhuang W, Wang D. 2008. Orographic effects on South China Sea summer climate. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics , 100 (1-4): 275-289.

Xue B, Sun J, Li T T. 2016. Phytoplankton community structure of northern South China Sea in summer of 2014. Haiyang Xuebao , 38 (4): 54-65. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Yamada Y, Fukuda H, Uchimiya M, Motegi C, Nishino S, Kikuchi T, Nagata T. 2015. Localized accumulation and a shelf-basin gradient of particles in the Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin, western Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 120 (7): 4 638-4 653.

Yang H Y, Wu L X, Liu H L, Yu Y Q. 2013. Eddy energy sources and sinks in the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 118 (9): 4 716-4 726.

Yang Y, Sun X X, Zhu M L, Luo X, Zheng S. 2016. Estimating the carbon biomass of marine net phytoplankton from abundance based on samples from China seas. Marine and Freshwater Research , 68 (1): 106-115, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15298.

Zamanillo M, Ortega-Retuerta E, Nunes S, Rodríguez-Ros P, Dall'Osto M, Estrada M, Montserrat Sala M, Simó R. 2019. Main drivers of transparent exopolymer particle distribution across the surface Atlantic Ocean. Biogeosciences , 16 : 733-749.

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

An ENSO-like oscillation system

Dynamic characteristics of seasonal thermocline in the deep sea region of the South China Sea

3-D baroclinic numerical simulation of the South China Sea I. Upper circulation

Three-dimensional baroclinic numerical simulation of the South China sea circulation's seasonal characteristics II. Middle and deep circulation

Spatio-temporal variations in the siphonophore community of the northern South China Sea

Related Author

Wang Qi

Liu Qin-yu

Qin Zeng-hao

Yang Hai-jun

Cai Shu-qun

Gan Zi-jun

Su Ji-lan

Liu Qin-yu

Related Institution

Institute of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of Qingdao

Shanghai Typhoon Institute

South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Second Institute of SOA

Qingdao Ocean University

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰