Allelopathic effects of mixotrophic dinoflagellate <italic style="font-style: italic">Akashiwo</italic> <italic style="font-style: italic">sanguinea</italic> on co-occurring phytoplankton: the significance of nutritional ecology

Yeyin YANG; Bozhu HUANG; Yingzhong TANG; Ning XU

doi:10.1007/s00343-020-0132-4

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Allelopathic effects of mixotrophic dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea on co-occurring phytoplankton: the significance of nutritional ecology

Ecology | Updated：2023-05-20

- Allelopathic effects of mixotrophic dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea on co-occurring phytoplankton: the significance of nutritional ecology
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 39, Issue 3, Pages: 903-917(2021)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Ecology/Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  2.Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
  3.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Author bio：
  
  Ning XU, E-mail: txuning@163.com, txuning@jnu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-020-0132-4
  CLC：
- Received：25 March 2020，
  
  Accepted：05 May 2020，
  
  Online First：21 May 2020，
  
  Published：2021-05
- Accepted：
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Yeyin YANG, Bozhu HUANG, Yingzhong TANG, et al. Allelopathic effects of mixotrophic dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea on co-occurring phytoplankton: the significance of nutritional ecology[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2021, 39(3): 903-917.
DOI：

Yeyin YANG, Bozhu HUANG, Yingzhong TANG, et al. Allelopathic effects of mixotrophic dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea on co-occurring phytoplankton: the significance of nutritional ecology[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2021, 39(3): 903-917. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-020-0132-4.

摘要

Abstract

Blooms of

Akashiwo sanguinea

frequently break out around the world

causing huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry and seriously damaging coastal ecosystems. However

the formation mechanisms of

sanguinea

blooms remain unclear. We investigated the allelopathic effects of

sanguinea

on multiple phytoplankton species

explored the mode of allelochemicals action and the way of nutrient factors regulation of the allelopathic activity. Results show that strains of

sanguinea

could inhibit the growth of co-occurring phytoplankton including

Scrippsiella trochoidea

Phaeocystis globosa

and

Rhodomonas salina

but inhibition of

Prorocentrum micans

was not obvious. The inhibition rates on phytoplankton were positively correlated with the cell densities of

sanguinea

. The highest inhibition rate of 94% on

salina

was for

sanguinea

CCMA256 culture of 2 000 cells/mL at 72 h. We observed that cells of

trochoidea

globosa

and

salina

were lysed when co-cultured with

sanguinea

with the shortest time for

trochoidea

. Additionally

the growth rates of

sanguinea

were promoted by coculturing with

trochoidea

globosa

and

salina

. Four components of

sanguinea

culture were all able to inhibit growth of

salina

: the strongest inhibitory effect was found in the sonicated culture

followed by whole-cell culture

filtrates of sonicated culture

and filtrate culture. The crude extract of

sanguinea

culture also lysed cells of

salina

and the inhibition rates on

salina

increased with the increasing dose of crude extract. It was shown that both nutrient enrichment and nitrogen: phosphorus ratio imbalance enhanced remarkably the allelopathic activity of

sanguinea

. The highest inhibition rate on

salina

of 70% occurred in

sanguinea

JX13 treatment at 2 000 cells/mL under high nutrient condition in 48 h. In JX14 treatment at 2 000 cells/mL for N: P of 10:1

the inhibition rate increased by 1.7 times of that for N: P of 20:1. In addition

the allelopathy of

sanguinea

could not only be a competitive strategy but also a nutrition strategy

playing an important role in formation and/or maintenance of blooms of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate

sanguinea

关键词

Keywords

references

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⁰

Allelopathic effects of mixotrophic dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea on co-occurring phytoplankton: the significance of nutritional ecology

DOI：10.1007/s00343-020-0132-4

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references