Geological, physical, and chemical characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal vent fields

Zhigang ZENG; Zuxing CHEN; Yuxiang ZHANG; Xiaohui LI

doi:10.1007/s00343-020-0123-5

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Geological, physical, and chemical characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal vent fields

Review | Updated：2023-04-27

- Geological, physical, and chemical characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal vent fields
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 985-1 007(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  2.Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
  3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  4.Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Author bio：
  
  ZENG Zhigang, zgzeng@qdio.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-020-0123-5
  CLC：
- Received：15 March 2020，
  
  Accepted：21 April 2020，
  
  Online First：17 May 2020，
  
  Published：2020-07
- Accepted：
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Zhigang ZENG, Zuxing CHEN, Yuxiang ZHANG, et al. Geological, physical, and chemical characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal vent fields[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020, 38(4): 985-1 007.
DOI：

Zhigang ZENG, Zuxing CHEN, Yuxiang ZHANG, et al. Geological, physical, and chemical characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal vent fields[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020, 38(4): 985-1 007. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-020-0123-5.

摘要

Abstract

Seafloor hydrothermal vent fields (SHVFs) are located in the mid-ocean ridge (MOR)

backarc basin (BAB)

island arc and hot-spot environments and hosted mainly by ultramafic

mafic

felsic rocks

and sediments. The hydrothermal vent fluids of SHVFs have low oxygen

abnormal pH and temperature

numerous toxic compounds

and inorganic energy sources

such as sulfuric compounds

methane

and hydrogen. The geological

physical

and chemical characteristics of SHVFs provide important clues to understanding the formation and evolution of seafloor hydrothermal systems

leading to the determination of metal sources and the reconstruction of the physicochemical conditions of metallogenesis. Over the past two decades

we studied the geological settings

volcanic rocks

and hydrothermal products of SHVFs and drawn new conclusions in these areas

including:1) the hydrothermal plumes in the Okinawa Trough are affected by the Kuroshio current; 2) S and Pb in the hydrothermal sulfides from MOR are mainly derived from their host igneous rocks; 3) Re and Os of vent fluids are more likely to be incorporated into Fe- and Fe-Cu sulfide mineral facies

and Os is enriched under low-temperature (< 200℃) hydrothermal conditions in global SHVFs; 4) compared with low-temperature hydrothermal sulfides

sulfates

and opal minerals

high-temperature hydrothermal sulfides maintain the helium (He) isotopic composition of the primary vent fluid; 5) relatively low temperature (< 116℃)

oxygenated

and acidic environment conditions are favorable for forming a native sulfur chimney

and a "glue pudding" growth model can be used to understand the origin of native sulfur balls in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field; and 6) boron isotope from hydrothermal plumes and fluids can be used to describe their diffusive processes. The monitoring and understanding of the physical structure

chemical composition

geological processes

and diverse organism of subseafloor hydrothermal systems will be a future hot spot and frontier of submarine hydrothermal geology.

关键词

Keywords

references

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