Effects of monsoon onset vortex on heat budget in the mixed layer of the Bay of Bengal

Kang XU; Boqi LIU; Yu LIU; Weiqiang WANG; Zhuoqi HE

doi:10.1007/s00343-019-9061-5

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Effects of monsoon onset vortex on heat budget in the mixed layer of the Bay of Bengal

Special Section on Indo-Pac Project | Updated：2023-04-27

- Effects of monsoon onset vortex on heat budget in the mixed layer of the Bay of Bengal
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 38, Issue 6, Pages: 1616-1631(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  2.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
  3.Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  4.State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Climate System, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  5.Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
  6.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  7.Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
  8.State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Author bio：
  
  XU Kang, xukang@scsio.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-019-9061-5
  CLC：
- Received：11 March 2019，
  
  Accepted：19 July 2019，
  
  Online First：26 August 2019，
  
  Published：2020-11
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Kang XU, Boqi LIU, Yu LIU, et al. Effects of monsoon onset vortex on heat budget in the mixed layer of the Bay of Bengal[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020, 38(6): 1616-1631.
DOI：

Kang XU, Boqi LIU, Yu LIU, et al. Effects of monsoon onset vortex on heat budget in the mixed layer of the Bay of Bengal[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020, 38(6): 1616-1631. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-019-9061-5.

摘要

Abstract

We investigated the effects of monsoon onset vortex (MOV) on the mixed layer heat budget in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) in spring 2003 using the reanalysis datasets. The results suggest that the solar radiation flux penetrating the mixed layer and the existence of barrier layer are both able to modulate the effects of MOV on the evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) in the BOB. Prior to the formation of BOB MOV

the local SST raised quickly due to mass of solar radiation reaching the sea surface under the clear-sky condition. Meanwhile

since the mixed layer was shallow before the onset of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM)

some solar radiation flux could penetrate to directly heat the deeper water

which partly offset the warming effect of shortwave radiation. On the other hand

the in-situ SST started to cool due to the upwelling of cold water when the MOV generated over the BOB

along with the rapidly increased surface wind speed and its resultant deeper mixed layer. As the MOV developed and moved northward

the SST tended to decrease remarkably because of the strong upward surface latent heat flux over the BOB ascribed to the wind-evaporation mechanism. However

the MOV-related precipitation brought more fresh water into the upper ocean to produce a thicker barrier layer

whose thermal barrier effect damped the cooling effect of entrainment upwelling on the decrease tendency of the BOB SST. In other words

the thermal barrier effect could slow down the decreasing trend of the BOB SST even after the onset of ASM

which facilitated the further enhancement of the MOV.

关键词

Keywords

references

S K Behera , A A Deo , P S Salvekar . Investigation of mixed layer response to Bay of Bengal cyclone using a simple ocean model . Meteor. Atmos. Phys. , 1998 . 65 ( 1-2 ): 77 - 91 . DOI: 10.1007/BF01030270 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01030270 .

Behringer D W, Xue Y. 2004. Evaluation of the global ocean data assimilation system at NCEP: the Pacific Ocean. In : Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface, AMS 84th Annual Meeting, Washington State Convention and Trade Center. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Seattle, WA.

D K Chen , A J Busalacchi , L M Rothstein . The roles of vertical mixing, solar radiation, and wind stress in a model simulation of the sea surface temperature seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific Ocean . J. Geophys. Res. , 1994 . 99 ( C10 ): 20345 - 20359 . DOI: 10.1029/94JC01621 http://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01621 .

C de Boyer Montégut , G Madec , A S Fischer , A Lazar , D Iudicone . Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: an examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology . J. Geophys. Res. , 2004 . 109 ( C12 ): C12003 DOI: 10.1029/2004JC002378 http://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378 .

Y Du , T D Qu , G Meyers , Y Masumoto , H Sasaki . Seasonal heat budget in the mixed layer of the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean in a high-resolution ocean general circulation model . J. Geophys. Res. , 2005 . 110 ( 4 ): C04012 DOI: 10.1029/2004JC002845 http://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002845 .

R L Elsberry , T S Fraim , Jr R N Trapnell . A mixed layer model of the oceanic thermal response to hurricanes . J. Geophys. Res. , 1976 . 81 ( 6 ): 1153 - 1162 . DOI: 10.1029/JC081i006p01153 http://doi.org/10.1029/JC081i006p01153 .

Gadgil S, Kumar K R. 2006. The Asian monsoon-agriculture and economy. In : Wang B ed. The Asian Monsoon. Springer Praxis Books. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. p.651–683, https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37722-0_18 https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37722-0_18 .

J S Godfrey , E J Lindstrom . The heat budget of the equatorial western Pacific surface mixed layer . J. Geophys. Res. , 1989 . 94 ( C6 ): 8007 - 8017 . DOI: 10.1029/JC094iC06p08007 http://doi.org/10.1029/JC094iC06p08007 .

J H He , C H Sun , Y Y Liu , J Matsumoto , W J Li . Seasonal transition features of large-scale moisture transport in the Asian-Australian monsoon region . Adv. Atmos. Sci. , 2007 . 24 ( 1 ): 1 - 14 . DOI: 10.1007/s00376-007-0001-5 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-007-0001-5 .

J H He , M Wen , L J Wang , H M Xu . Characteristics of the onset of the Asian summer monsoon and the importance of Asian-Australian "land bridge" . Adv. Atmos. Sci. , 2006 . 23 ( 6 ): 951 - 963 . DOI: 10.1007/s00376-006-0951-z http://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-006-0951-z .

M Kanamitsu , W Ebisuzaki , J Woollen , S K Yang , J J Hnilo , M Fiorino , G L Potter . NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2) . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 2002 . 83 ( 11 ): 1631 - 1644 . DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631 http://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631 .

A B Kara , P A Rochford , H E Hurlburt . Mixed layer depth variability and barrier layer formation over the North Pacific Ocean . J. Geophys. Res. , 2000a . 105 ( C7 ): 16783 - 16801 . DOI: 10.1029/2000JC900071 http://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC900071 .

A B Kara , P A Rochford , H E Hurlburt . An optimal definition for ocean mixed layer depth . J. Geophys. Res. , 2000b . 105 ( C7 ): 16803 - 16821 . DOI: 10.1029/2000JC900072 http://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC900072 .

E B Kraus , J S Turner . A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline II. The general theory and its consequences . Tellus , 1967 . 19 ( 1 ): 98 - 106 . DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01462.x http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01462.x .

K M Lau , H T Wu , S Yang . Hydrologic processes associated with the first transition of the Asian summer monsoon: a pilot satellite Study . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 1998 . 79 ( 9 ): 1871 - 1882 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<1871:HPAWTF>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<1871:HPAWTF>2.0.CO;2 .

M R Lewis , M E Carr , G C Feldman , W Esaias , C McClain . Influence of penetrating solar radiation on the heat budget of the equatorial Pacific Ocean . Nature , 1990 . 347 ( 6293 ): 543 - 545 . DOI: 10.1038/347543a0 http://doi.org/10.1038/347543a0 .

B Q Liu , Y M Liu , G X Wu , J H Yan , J H He , S L Ren . Asian summer monsoon onset barrier and its formation mechanism . Climate Dyn. , 2015 . 45 ( 3-4 ): 711 - 726 . DOI: 10.1007/s00382-014-2296-0 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2296-0 .

B Q Liu , G X Wu , J Y Mao , J H He . Genesis of the South Asian High and its impact on the Asian summer monsoon onset . J. Climate , 2013 . 26 ( 9 ): 2976 - 2991 . DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00286.1 http://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00286.1 .

Y M Liu , J C L Chan , J Y Mao , G X Wu . The role of Bay of Bengal convection in the onset of the 1998 South China Sea summer monsoon . Mon. Wea. Rev. , 2002 . 130 ( 11 ): 2731 - 2744 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2731:TROBOB>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2731:TROBOB>2.0.CO;2 .

R Lukas , E Lindstrom . The mixed layer of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean . J. Geophys. Res. , 1991 . 96 ( S01 ): 3343 - 3357 . DOI: 10.1029/90JC01951 http://doi.org/10.1029/90JC01951 .

J Y Mao , G X Wu . Barotropic process contributing to the formation and growth of tropical cyclone Nargis . Adv. Atmos. Sci. , 2011 . 28 ( 3 ): 483 - 491 . DOI: 10.1007/s00376-010-9190-4 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9190-4 .

J Mao , G Wu . Interannual variability in the onset of the summer monsoon over the Eastern Bay of Bengal . Theor. Appl. Climatol. , 2007 . 89 ( 3-4 ): 155 - 170 . DOI: 10.1007/s00704-006-0265-1 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0265-1 .

M J McPhaden , G R Foltz , T Lee , V S N Murty , M Ravichandran , G A Vecchi , J Vialard , J D Wiggert , L S Yu . Ocean-atmosphere interactions during cyclone Nargis . Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union , 2009 . 90 ( 7 ): 53 - 54 . DOI: 10.1029/2009EO070001 http://doi.org/10.1029/2009EO070001 .

J C Ohlmann , D A Siegel , C Gautier . Ocean mixed layer radiant heating and solar penetration: a global analysis . J. Climate , 1996 . 9 ( 10 ): 2265 - 2280 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2265:OMLRHA>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2265:OMLRHA>2.0.CO;2 .

Pacanowski R C, Griffies S M. 1999. The MOM3 Manual. NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Technical Report No. 4, NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, USA, 680p.

Kumar S Prasanna , J Narvekar . Seasonal variability of the mixed layer in the central Arabian Sea and its implication on nutrients and primary productivity . Deep Sea Res. II , 2005 . 52 ( 14-15 ): 1848 - 1861 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.06.002 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.06.002 .

J F Price . Upper ocean response to a hurricane . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1981 . 11 ( 2 ): 153 - 175 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0153:UORTAH>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0153:UORTAH>2.0.CO;2 .

B Qiu . Interannual variability of the kuroshio extension system and its impact on the wintertime SST field . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 2000 . 30 ( 6 ): 1486 - 1502 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1486:IVOTKE>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1486:IVOTKE>2.0.CO;2 .

T D Qu . Mixed layer heat balance in the western North Pacific . J. Geophys. Res. , 2003 . 108 ( C7 ): 3 242 DOI: 10.1029/2002JC001536 http://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001536 .

R W Reynolds , N A Rayner , T M Smith , D C Stokes , W Q Wang . An improved in situ and Satellite SST analysis for climate . J. Climate , 2002 . 15 ( 13 ): 1609 - 1625 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:AIISAS>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:AIISAS>2.0.CO;2 .

S Saha , S Nadiga , C Thiaw , J Wang , W Wang , Q Zhang , H M Van den Dool , H L Pan , S Moorthi , D Behringer , D Stokes , M Peña , S Lord , G White , W Ebisuzaki , P Peng , P Xie . The NCEP climate forecast system . J. Climate , 2006 . 19 ( 15 ): 3483 - 3517 . DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3812.1 http://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3812.1 .

F Sakaida , H Kawamura , Y Toba . Sea surface cooling caused by typhoons in the Tohoku area in August 1989 . J. Geophys. Res. , 1998 . 103 ( C1 ): 1053 - 1065 . DOI: 10.1029/97JC01859 http://doi.org/10.1029/97JC01859 .

A Santoso , A Sen Gupta , M H England . Genesis of Indian ocean mixed layer temperature anomalies: a heat budget analysis . J. Climate , 2010 . 23 ( 20 ): 5375 - 5403 . DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3072.1 http://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3072.1 .

D Sengupta , P K Ray , G S Bhat . Spring warming of the eastern Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal from Buoy data . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 2002 . 29 ( 15 ): 1734 DOI: 10.1029/2002GL015340 http://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015340 .

Y Y Shi , W Y Huang , B Wang , Z F Yang , X S He , T P Qiu . Origin of warm SST bias over the Atlantic cold tongue in the coupled climate model FGOALS-g2 . Atmosphere , 2018 . 9 ( 7 ): 275 DOI: 10.3390/atmos9070275 http://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070275 .

Y Y Shi , B Wang , W Y Huang . A 'self-adjustment' mechanism for mixed-layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue . Atmos. Sci. Lett. , 2017 . 18 ( 2 ): 82 - 87 . DOI: 10.1002/asl.728 http://doi.org/10.1002/asl.728 .

J Sprintall , M Tomczak . Evidence of the barrier layer in the surface layer of the tropics . J. Geophys. Res. , 1992 . 97 ( C5 ): 7305 - 7316 . DOI: 10.1029/92JC00407 http://doi.org/10.1029/92JC00407 .

P J Sutton , P F Worcester , G Masters , B D Cornuelle , J F Lynch . Ocean mixed layers and acoustic pulse propagation in the Greenland Sea . J. Acoustical Soc. Amer. , 1993 . 94 ( 3 ): 1517 - 1526 . DOI: 10.1121/1.408128 http://doi.org/10.1121/1.408128 .

M S Swenson , D V Hansen . Tropical Pacific Ocean mixed layer heat budget: the Pacific cold tongue . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1999 . 29 ( 1 ): 69 - 81 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0069:TPOMLH>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0069:TPOMLH>2.0.CO;2 .

Trenberth K E, Hurrell J W, Stepaniak D P. 2006. The Asian monsoon: global perspectives. In : Wang B ed. The Asian Monsoon. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. p.67–87, https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37722-0_2 https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37722-0_2 .

P N Vinayachandran , D Shankar , J Kurian , F Durand , S S C Shenoi . Arabian Sea mini warm pool and the monsoon onset vortex . Curr. Sci. , 2007 . 93 ( 2 ): 203 - 214 . http://www.researchgate.net/publication/27667416_Arabian_Sea_mini_warm_pool_and_the_monsoon_onset_vortex http://www.researchgate.net/publication/27667416_Arabian_Sea_mini_warm_pool_and_the_monsoon_onset_vortex , .

B Wang , H Lin . Rainy season of the Asian-Pacific summer monsoon . J. Climate , 2002 . 15 ( 4 ): 386 - 398 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0386:RSOTAP>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0386:RSOTAP>2.0.CO;2 .

B Wang , R G Wu , K M Lau . Interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon: contrasts between the Indian and the western North Pacific-East Asian monsoons . J. Climate , 2001 . 14 ( 20 ): 4073 - 4090 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<4073:IVOTAS>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<4073:IVOTAS>2.0.CO;2 .

X Wang , R W Zhang , J Huang , L L Zeng , F Huang . Biases of five latent heat flux products and their impacts on mixed-layer temperature estimates in the South China Sea . J. Geophys. Res. , 2017 . 122 ( 6 ): 5088 - 5104 . DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012332 http://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012332 .

Z Q Wang , G Li , S Yang . Origin of Indian summer monsoon rainfall biases in CMIP5 multimodel ensemble . Climate Dyn. , 2018 . 51 ( 1-2 ): 755 - 768 . DOI: 10.1007/s00382-017-3953-x http://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3953-x .

G X Wu , Y Guan , Y M Liu , J H Yan , J Y Mao . Air-sea interaction and formation of the Asian summer monsoon onset vortex over the Bay of Bengal . Climate Dyn. , 2012 . 38 ( 1-2 ): 261 - 279 . DOI: 10.1007/s00382-010-0978-9 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0978-9 .

G X Wu , Y Guan , T M Wang , Y M Liu , J H Yan , J Y Mao . Vortex genesis over the Bay of Bengal in spring and its role in the onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon . Sci. China Earth Sci. , 2011 . 54 ( 1 ): 1 - 9 . DOI: 10.1007/s11430-010-4125-6 http://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-4125-6 .

G X Wu , Y M Liu . Thermal adaptation, overshooting, dispersion, and subtropical anticyclone Part I: thermal adaptation and Overshooting . Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. , 2000 . 24 ( 4 ): 433 - 446 . http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/daqikx200004001 http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/daqikx200004001 , .

G X Wu , Y S Zhang . Tibetan Plateau forcing and the timing of the monsoon onset over South Asia and the South China Sea . Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1998 . 126 ( 4 ): 913 - 927 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<0913:TPFATT>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<0913:TPFATT>2.0.CO;2 .

P P Xie , P A Arkin . Global precipitation: a 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 1997 . 78 ( 11 ): 2539 - 2558 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:gpayma>2.0.co;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:gpayma>2.0.co;2 .

Y Z You . Salinity variability and its role in the barrier-layer formation during TOGA-COARE . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1995 . 25 ( 11 ): 2778 - 2807 . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<2778:SVAIRI>2.0.CO;2 http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<2778:SVAIRI>2.0.CO;2 .

Z H Zeng , L T Chen . Numerical experiments of the effect of oceanic mixing layer depth on TC structure and intensity changes . Plateau Meteor. , 2011 . 30 ( 6 ): 1584 - 1593 . http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gyqx201106018 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gyqx201106018 , .

R W Zhang , X Wang , C Z Wang . On the simulations of global oceanic latent heat flux in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble . J. Climate , 2018 . 31 ( 17 ): 7111 - 7128 . DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-17-0713.1 http://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0713.1 .

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

A dual-attention embedded CNN model for estimating mixed layer depths in the Bay of Bengal

Assessment of spatial distribution, sources, and ecological risks of microplastics in the estuarine and coastal regions of the northern Bay of Bengal

Stock appraisal for Atlantic tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis; Bloch, 1790) in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Numerical study of the seasonal salinity budget of the upper ocean in the Bay of Bengal in 2014

High spatial variability of euphotic mesozooplankton in the Bay of Bengal during winter: the role of river inputs and eddies

Related Author

Wentao JIA

Xun GONG

Shanliang ZHU

Jifeng QI

Wenwu WANG

Xiang GONG

Hengkai YAO

Xianmei ZHOU

Related Institution

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting and Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

School of Mathematics and Physics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology

Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences

State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources, China University of Geosciences

Address：Editorial Office of JOL, 88 Haijun Rd. Qingdao, 266000, China
Tel：+86-532-82898754 Email：jol@qdio.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰