Age, growth, reproductive biology, color pattern, and ontogenetic divergence of two closely related rockfishes (<italic style="font-style: italic">Sebastes koreanus</italic> and <italic style="font-style: italic">S. nudus</italic>) off the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula, China

Longchuan ZHUANG; Chi ZHANG; Qun LIU; Zhenjiang YE

doi:10.1007/s00343-019-8303-x

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Age, growth, reproductive biology, color pattern, and ontogenetic divergence of two closely related rockfishes (Sebastes koreanus and S. nudus) off the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula, China

Biology | Updated：2023-04-27

- Age, growth, reproductive biology, color pattern, and ontogenetic divergence of two closely related rockfishes (Sebastes koreanus and S. nudus) off the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula, China
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 38, Issue 1, Pages: 204-225(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Author bio：
  
  YE Zhenjiang, yechen@ouc.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s00343-019-8303-x
  CLC：
- Received：17 October 2018，
  
  Accepted：08 January 2019，
  
  Online First：10 May 2019，
  
  Published：2020-01
- Accepted：
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Longchuan ZHUANG, Chi ZHANG, Qun LIU, et al. Age, growth, reproductive biology, color pattern, and ontogenetic divergence of two closely related rockfishes (Sebastes koreanus and S. nudus) off the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula, China[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020, 38(1): 204-225.
DOI：

Longchuan ZHUANG, Chi ZHANG, Qun LIU, et al. Age, growth, reproductive biology, color pattern, and ontogenetic divergence of two closely related rockfishes (Sebastes koreanus and S. nudus) off the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula, China[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020, 38(1): 204-225. DOI： 10.1007/s00343-019-8303-x.

摘要

Abstract

The live-bearing genus

Sebastes

is renowned for its outstanding species richness and color diversity

and its speciation has been a point of interest. This study investigated the age

growth

reproductive biology

color pattern and ontogenetic divergence of a pair of closely related rockfishes from the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula

namely

Sebastes koreanus

(

=879) and

S. nudus

(

=257). Marginal increment analysis of sectioned otoliths showed that annulus formation occurred once a year between June and July in both species. The sex-pooled growth curves of

S. nudus

and 3 populations of

S. koreanus

differed significantly from each other. No apparent latitudinal cline in growth parameters was found in

S. koreanus

. For both species

the peak parturition periods were from April to May

and the peak copulation periods were from November to December.

S. nudus

has a highly variable and conspicuous color pattern while

S. koreanus

has a stable and dull color pattern. This difference

together with the overlapping distribution and the close relationship

make

S. koreanus

and

S. nudus

an ideal model to investigate the color-driven speciation of the

Sebastes

. We confirmed that

S. nudus

changes its body color with age and season and fully expresses the carotenoid-based nuptial coloration when the fish reaches first maturity. Moreover

our comparisons of morphological traits that are likely related to survival and quality of these fishes suggested that

S. nudus

may suffer higher predation risk and foraging difficulty beginning at age 3. In light of the ontogenetic development of the color pattern in

S. nudus

we suggested that the full expression of nuptial coloration most likely triggers the strong selective pressure to enhance swimming performance

anti-predator defense and foraging capacity of

S. nudus

through predator-prey interactions. By understanding all these details

we further inferred a hypothesis that both color pattern and bathymetric segregation play key roles in facilitating the speciation of demersal rockfishes.

关键词

Keywords

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Age, growth, reproductive biology, color pattern, and ontogenetic divergence of two closely related rockfishes (Sebastes koreanus and S. nudus) off the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula, China

DOI：10.1007/s00343-019-8303-x

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