

FOLLOWUS
1.Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
lixzh@qdio.ac.cn
Received:07 May 2022,
Accepted:08 July 2022,
Online First:17 October 2022,
Published:01 November 2023
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YANG Mei,SUI Jixing,LI Xinzheng.The first complete mitogenome of Acharax sp. (Protobranchia, Solemyida, Solemyidae): comparisons with other Solemyidae bivalves and deep-sea adaptive characteristics[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(06):2374-2390.
Solemyidae is an ancient group of protobranch bivalves
and most solemyids are symbiotic with chemoautotrophic and gill-hosted bacteria
enabling them to survive in unusual habitats such as deep-sea chemosynthetic environments. However
evolution of the mitogenomes in this family and their phylogenetic relationships remain poorly understood. The complete mitogenome of
Acharax
sp. was determined and compared with other available mitogenomes of solemyids. The mitogenome of
Acharax
sp. is 18 970 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes
2 ribosomal RNA genes
and 22 transfer RNA genes. The gene arrangement was identical to those of other sequenced solemyids. For the present five mitogenomes of Solemyidae species
all protein-coding genes were initiated with the typical ATD (ATA
ATG
and ATT) codon and terminated with the TAA/TAG codon. Furthermore
the incomplete termination codon was detected. The Ka/Ks ratio analyses indicated that 13 protein-coding genes of five Solemyidae mitogenomes suffered strong purifying selection. Compared to 45 existing shallow water equivalents
the 18 available mitogenomes from the deep-sea
including the
Acharax
sp. in this study
show significantly more nonpolar amino acids in the 13 protein-coding genes
which indicates the adaptation to the deep-sea environment. The phylogenetic tree based on 48 Bivalvia complete mitogenomes provided further information to support the scientific classification of protobranchs. The relationships among Solemyidae were assessed based on 2 mitochondrial (
16S
rRNA
and
COX1
) and 3 nuclear (
18S
rRNA
28S
rRNA
and
histone
H3
) gene sequences from 17 in-group species. The two genera
Acharax
and
Solemya
formed a monophyletic clade each
and
Acharax
sp. clustered with previously reported
Acharax
bivalves with high support values.
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