

FOLLOWUS
Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
dixu@ouc.edu.cn
Received:25 April 2022,
Accepted:13 July 2022,
Online First:15 August 2022,
Published:01 September 2023
Scan QR Code
ZHANG Yingyue,YANG Jinxin,YANG Ze,et al.RT-qPCR normalization of reference genes in different life-history stages of Gracilariavermiculophylla (Rhodophyta)[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(05):1910-1917.
The quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful and sensitive method to measure expression of targeted gene but it highly relies on the use of suitable reference genes for data normalization. We evaluated the expressions of 8 housekeeping gen
es
:
18S ribosomal rDNA
(
18S rDNA
)
28S
ribosomal
rDNA
(
28S rDNA
)
rubisco
large
subunit
(
rbc
-
L
)
β
-
actin
(
ACT
)
glyceraldehyde
-
3
-
phosphate
dehydrogenase
(
GAPDH
)
elongation
factor
1
(
EF1
)
β
-
tubulin
(
TubB
)
and
P
-
phycoerythrin
B
(
PEB
)
to select the suitable reference genes for different life-history stages (tetrasporophyte
carposporophyte
and male/female gametophyte) of
Gracilaria
vermiculophylla
by absolute quantitative method. Softwares geNorm and BestKeeper were used to verify the results acquired from copy number analysis. Results show that the expression of identified reference genes varied in comparing groups composed of different type of life stages. It is suggested that
18S rDNA
and
TubB
could be used for highly complex samples composed of mixed ploidy and phas
es
.
18S rDNA
and
28S rDNA
were also preferred for using among the matured isomorphic samples. But for samples with different maturities
TubB
and
ACT
were recommended for tetrasporophytes and gametophytes respectively.
Andersen C L , Jensen J L , Ørntoft T F . 2004 . Normalization of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data: a model-based variance estimation approach to identify genes suited for normalization, applied to bladder and colon cancer data sets . Cancer Research , 64 ( 15 ): 5245 - 5250 , https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0496 https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0496 .
Bustin S A . 2000 . Absolute quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays . Journal of Molecular Endocrinology , 25 ( 2 ): 169 - 193 , https://doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0250169 https://doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0250169 .
Bustin S A , Benes V , Garson J A et al . 2009 . The MIQE guidelines: m inimum i nformation for publication of q uantitative real-time PCR e xperiments . Clinical Chemistry , 55 ( 4 ): 611 - 622 , https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.112797 https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.112797 .
Bustin S A , Nolan T . 2004 . Pitfalls of quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction . Journal of Biomolecular Techniques , 15 ( 3 ): 155 - 166 .
Ding Y , Sun H Y , Zhang R et al . 2015 . Selection of reference gene from Gracilaria lemaneiformis under temperature stress . Journal of Applied Phycology , 27 ( 3 ): 1365 - 1372 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0423-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0423-2 .
Flanagan B A , Krueger-Hadfield S A , Murren C J et al . 2021 . Founder effects shape linkage disequilibrium and genomic diversity of a partially clonal invader . Molecular Ecology , 30 ( 9 ): 1962 - 1978 , https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15854 https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15854 .
Fukuda S , Kitade Y , Miyamoto H et al . 2003 . Isolation and characterization of an elongation factor-1α gene in Porphyra yezoensis (Rhodophyta) . Journal of Applied Phycology , 15 : 81 - 86 , https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022954312498 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022954312498 .
Gutierrez L , Mauriat M , Guénin S et al . 2008 . The lack of a systematic validation of reference genes: a serious pitfall undervalued in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in plants . Plant Biotechnology Journal , 6 ( 6 ): 609 - 618 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00346.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00346.x .
Haller F , Kulle B , Schwager S et al . 2004 . Equivalence test in quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: confirmation of reference genes suitable for normalization . Analytical Biochemistry , 335 ( 1 ): 1 - 9 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2004.08.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2004.08.024 . https://do 10.1016/j.ab.2004.08.024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2004.08.024
Huggett J , Dheda K , Bustin S et al . 2005 . Real-time RT-PCR normalisation: strategies and considerations . Genes & Immunity , 6 ( 4 ): 279 - 284 , https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364190 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364190 . https://do 10.1038/sj.gene.6364190 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364190
Kamiya M , West J A , Hara Y . 2011 . Induction of apomixis by outcrossing between genetically divergent entities of Caloglossa leprieurii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) and evidence of hybrid apomicts in nature . Journal of Phycology , 47 ( 4 ): 753 - 762 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01016.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01016.x .
Kim G H , Shim J B , Klochkova T A et al . 2008 . The utility of proteomics in algae taxonomy: Bostrychia radicans / B . moritziana (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) as a model study . Journal of Phycology , 44 ( 6 ): 1519 - 1528 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00592.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00592.x
Kim S Y , Weinberger F , Boo S M . 2010 . Genetic data hint at a common donor region for invasive Atlantic and Pacific populations of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) . Journal of Phycology , 46 ( 6 ): 1346 - 1349 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00905.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00905.x .
Kowalczyk N , Rousvoal S , Hervé C et al . 2014 . RT-qPCR normalization genes in the red alga Chondrus crispus . PLoS One , 9 ( 2 ): e86574 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086574 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086574 .
Kubista M , Andrade J M , Bengtsson M et al . 2006 . The real-time polymerase chain reaction . Molecular Aspects of Medicine , 27 ( 2-3 ): 95 - 125 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2005.12.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2005.12.007 .
Lee C , Kim J , Shin S G et al . 2006 . Absolute and relative QPCR quantification of plasmid copy number in Escherichia coli . Journal of Biotechnology , 123 ( 3 ): 273 - 280 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.11.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.11.014 .
Mou S L , Zhang X W , Miao J L et al . 2015 . Reference genes for gene expression normalization in Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L by quantitative real-time RT-PCR . Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology , 24 ( 3 ): 276 - 282 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-014-0268-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-014-0268-4 . https://do 10.1007/s13562-014-0268-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13562-014-0268-4
Neori A , Chopin T , Troell M et al . 2004 . Integrated aquaculture: rationale, evolution and state of the art emphasizing seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture . Aquaculture , 231 ( 1-4 ): 361 - 391 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.015 . https://do 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.015
Nyberg C D , Wallentinus I . 2009 . Long-term survival of an introduced red alga in adverse conditions . Marine Biology Research , 5 ( 3 ): 304 - 308 , https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000802428159 https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000802428159 .
Ogata E , Matsui T , Nakamura H . 1972 . The life cycle of Gracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyceae, Gigartinales) in vitro . Phycologia , 11 ( 1 ): 75 - 80 , https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-11-1-75.1 https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-11-1-75.1 .
Radonić A , Thulke S , Mackay I M et al . 2004 . Guideline to reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 313 ( 4 ): 856 - 862 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.177 .
Riosmena-Rodríguez R , Talavera-Sáenz A , Acosta-Vargas B et al . 2010 . Heavy metals dynamics in seaweeds and seagrasses in Bahía Magdalena, B.C.S., México . Journal of Applied Phycology , 22 ( 3 ): 283 - 291 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-009-9457-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-009-9457-2 .
Shim J , Shim E , Kim G H et al . 2016 . Keeping house: evaluation of housekeeping genes for real-time PCR in the red alga, Bostrychia moritziana (Florideophyceae) . Algae , 31 ( 2 ): 167 - 174 , https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2016.31.5.25 https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2016.31.5.25 .
Terada R , Yamamoto H . 2002 . Review of Gracilaria vermiculophylla and other species in Japan and Asia . Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds , 8 : 215 - 224 .
Vandesompele J , De Preter K , Pattyn F et al . 2002 . Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes . Genome Biology , 3 ( 7 ): research0034 . 1 , https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034 https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034 . https://do 10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034
Whelan J A , Russell N B , Whelan M A . 2003 . A method for the absolute quantification of cDNA using real-time PCR . Journal of Immunological Methods , 278 ( 1-2 ): 261 - 269 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1759(03)00223-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1759(03)00223-0 .
Wu X J , Huang A Y , Xu M L et al . 2013 . Variation of expression levels of seven housekeeping genes at different life-history stages in Porphyra yezoensis . PLoS One , 8 ( 4 ): e60740 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060740 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060740 . https://do 10.1371/journal.pone.0060740 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060740
Wu X J , Niu J F , Huang A Y et al . 2012 . Selection of internal control gene for expression studies in Porphyra haitanensis (Rhodophyta) at different life-history stages . Journal of Phycology , 48 ( 4 ): 1040 - 1044 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01188.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01188.x . https://do 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01188.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01188.x
0
Views
0
Downloads
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621