Do alternative stable states exist in large shallow Taihu Lake, China?

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Do alternative stable states exist in large shallow Taihu Lake, China?

Ecology | Updated：2024-10-12

- Do alternative stable states exist in large shallow Taihu Lake, China?
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 41, Issue 3, Pages: 959-971(2023)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
  2.Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
  3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  4.Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Author bio：
  
  wanghaijun@ynu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：
  CLC：
- Received：29 August 2021，
  
  Published：01 May 2023
- Accepted：
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LI Yan,MA Yu,WANG Haijun,et al.Do alternative stable states exist in large shallow Taihu Lake, China?[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(03):959-971.
DOI：

LI Yan,MA Yu,WANG Haijun,et al.Do alternative stable states exist in large shallow Taihu Lake, China?[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,41(03):959-971. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

Regime shifts from submersed macrophyte dominance to phytoplankton dominance have been widely reported in small- to medium-sized shallow lakes. However

alternative stable states in large shallow lakes (surface area

>

500 ‍km

2

) remain unconfirmed. To understand the alternative stable states and the main inf

luencing factors of submersed macrophytes in large lakes

the ecosystem states from monitoring data from 1959 to 2019 in large shallow Taihu Lake (2 ‍338 ‍km

2

in average depth of 2.12 ‍m) in China were examined. Changes in submersed macrophyte coverage (

C

Mac

) and phytoplankton chlorophyll

a

(Chl ‍

a

) in the time series and their relationships with environmental factors were analyzed. During the field investigation from August 2018 to May 2019

nutrients and Chl ‍

a

showed obvious heterogeneity across the lake

being generally higher in the western and northern areas and lower in the southeast area

while

C

Mac

was only observed in the eastern areas

e.g.

East Taihu Lake

Xukou Bay

and Gonghu Bay. During the long-term monitoring from 1959 to 2019 in the Central Region

Meiliang Bay

and East Taihu Lake

Chl ‍

a

increased significantly in the time series.

C

Mac

varied slightly among different subareas

always at low levels (

<

10%) in the Central Region and Meiliang Bay but at relatively high levels in East Taihu Lake (10%‍–‍90%). Frequency distributions of response variables had no multimodality except for

C

Mac

in East Taihu Lake

with two peaks between 15% and 20% and between 55% and 60%. A dual relationship was found between Chl ‍

a

and total phosphorus (TP) in the areas with and without macrophytes

while

C

Mac

showed no relationship with TP

and submersed macrophytes did not flourish in the Central Region and Meiliang Bay even when TP was at very low levels (≈10 ‍mg/m

3

). Taihu Lake had similar algal turbidity (Turb

Alg

) as small- to medium-sized lakes but generally presented with higher values of nonalgal turbidity (Turb

NonAlg

)

as did their contribution to total turbidity as a percentage. This study suggested that large shallow Taihu Lake may have n

o alternative stable states

but more evidence is needed for East Taihu Lake

which was dominated by macrophytes

as it remains unknown whether hysteresis occurs between the processes of eutrophication and oligotrophication. Unfavorable conditions caused by wind might be the main reason due to the absence of submersed macrophytes in Taihu Lake. These results demonstrate that stricter nutrient control is needed to maintain a healthy state or to recover from a decayed state for large lakes.

关键词

Keywords

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